{"title":"Radiative behaviour of nozzle-confined switching arcs burning in axially blown C4F7N+CO2+PTFE mixture","authors":"S. Esmaeili , S.H. Park , J.D. Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109825","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiative behaviour of axially blown arcs in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>7</mn></msub><mi>N</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mtext>PTFE</mtext></mrow></math></span> mixture is presented as the basis for developing a simplified thermal radiation transfer model in industrial switching arc simulation. The Discrete Ordinates Method (DOM) is applied to produce the results in a wide range of currents (15 kA–60 kA) and at different locations in the nozzle of a model high-voltage circuit breaker. A distinctive feature has been identified in this work, i.e. the M-shaped radial profile of the radiative flux divergence for high current switching arcs. Vital information on the algorithms to define the Effective Emission Radius (EER) and the location and size of the Net Emission Zone (NEZ) and Net Absorption Zone (NAZ) for a one-dimensional NEC-based radiation model is also presented and analysed in depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072925001486","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The radiative behaviour of axially blown arcs in mixture is presented as the basis for developing a simplified thermal radiation transfer model in industrial switching arc simulation. The Discrete Ordinates Method (DOM) is applied to produce the results in a wide range of currents (15 kA–60 kA) and at different locations in the nozzle of a model high-voltage circuit breaker. A distinctive feature has been identified in this work, i.e. the M-shaped radial profile of the radiative flux divergence for high current switching arcs. Vital information on the algorithms to define the Effective Emission Radius (EER) and the location and size of the Net Emission Zone (NEZ) and Net Absorption Zone (NAZ) for a one-dimensional NEC-based radiation model is also presented and analysed in depth.
介绍了C4F7N+CO2+PTFE混合材料中轴吹电弧的辐射特性，为建立工业开关电弧仿真中简化的热辐射传递模型提供了基础。应用离散坐标法（DOM）在大电流范围内（15 kA - 60 kA）和模型高压断路器喷嘴的不同位置产生结果。在这项工作中已经确定了一个独特的特征，即大电流开关电弧的辐射通量发散的m形径向分布。对一维nec辐射模型的有效发射半径（EER）、净发射区（NEZ）和净吸收区（NAZ）的位置和大小的确定算法的重要信息也进行了深入分析。
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review.
The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are:
* Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow
* Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media
* Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change
* Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer
* Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...)
* Multiscale modelling
The applied research topics include:
* Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes
* Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries)
* Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices
* Heat transport analysis in advanced systems
* Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems
The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.
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