Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Asian and Central Asian Populations.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02346-4

Syed Azfar Hossain, Fakher Rahim, Zhyparkul Derbishalieva, Kenesh Dzhusupov

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, with a significant burden on the Asian and Central Asian populations. Ethnic discrimination is an emerging determinant of CVD risk, yet comprehensive analyses in these populations are sparse.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the association between ethnic discrimination and CVD among Asian and Central Asian populations, quantifying risks and examining contributing factors.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 23 studies across PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science, including 10 on Central Asian and 13 on broader Asian populations. Risk measures such as odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted where available.

Results: The findings indicate a robust association between ethnic discrimination and increased CVD risks. Among Kyrgyz and Kazakh populations, discrimination was linked to hypertension with an OR of 2.4, while ethnic Kazakhs experiencing discrimination had a 70% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.7). In South Asians, discrimination was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of premature cardiovascular events, while Chinese populations exposed to everyday discrimination demonstrated a 15.2% higher prevalence of hypertension. Rural populations in Central Asia showed clustering of CVD risk factors with an OR of 1.9.

Conclusions: Discrimination is a significant contributor to CVD disparities, with its effects varying across ethnic groups and regions. These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored public health interventions and policies addressing social determinants of health. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and the efficacy of targeted community-based programs to mitigate these risks.

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心血管疾病的种族差异：亚洲和中亚人群的比较分析

背景：心血管疾病（CVD）是全球死亡的主要原因，对亚洲和中亚人口造成了重大负担。种族歧视是心血管疾病风险的一个新决定因素，但对这些人群的综合分析很少。目的：本系统综述旨在评估亚洲和中亚人群中种族歧视与心血管疾病之间的关系，量化风险并检查影响因素。方法：遵循PRISMA指南，我们回顾了PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science中的23项研究，其中10项关于中亚，13项关于更广泛的亚洲人群。风险测量如优势比（ORs）和风险比（hr）在可用的情况下提取。结果：研究结果表明，种族歧视与心血管疾病风险增加之间存在密切联系。在吉尔吉斯族和哈萨克族人群中，歧视与高血压相关，OR为2.4，而遭受歧视的哈萨克族的全因死亡率风险高出70% （HR为1.7）。在南亚，歧视与30%的过早心血管事件患病率高相关，而暴露于日常歧视的中国人高血压患病率高15.2%。中亚农村人群显示心血管疾病危险因素聚类，OR为1.9。结论：歧视是导致心血管疾病差异的重要因素，其影响因民族和地区而异。这些调查结果强调，有必要针对健康的社会决定因素，制定符合文化特点的公共卫生干预措施和政策。未来的研究应该探索纵向影响和有针对性的社区项目的有效性，以减轻这些风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.