Anisotropic magnetic memory signal of low-carbon steel fabricated by wire-arc directed energy deposition

Abstract

This paper investigates the anisotropic magnetic memory signal of low-carbon steel produced by wire-arc directed energy deposition (wire-arc DED) using tensile tests. Two rectangular specimens with different printing directions were tested. The residual magnetic field on the specimen surfaces during two loading stages was measured using a TSC-PC-16 magnetometer. The study reveals that material stress history significantly affects magnetic memory signals, with clear anisotropy between transversal and longitudinal specimens. The normal magnetic memory signal is less influenced by surface roughness and better reflects applied stress. Magnetic characteristic parameters are defined to quantify anisotropy and exhibit a quadratic relationship with load, enabling load level evaluation. This research highlights the potential for identifying printing direction and evaluating surface roughness in wire-arc DED components through magnetic memory signals, contributing to non-destructive testing of additive manufacturing steel.