Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116973
Fernando Kevin Miranda , Michal Zeleňák , Zdeněk Říha
This paper shows the application of different optical and sensor-based measurement methods to characterize self-induced oscillating flows inside and outside a feedback-free fluidic oscillator. The input pressures considered for the investigation range from 1.0 MPa to 5.0 MPa. Synchronized diagnostic sensors, flow visualisation and flow monitoring were set up to simultaneously acquire a complete description of the oscillator system. Two versions of the fluidic oscillator for the internal visualisation (with internal visual access window) and direct monitoring (with two sensors embedded in the chamber) of oscillating flows were numerically modelled, manufactured and tested. The flow oscillations generation and dynamic activity of vortices inside the oscillator were experimentally and numerically visualised and analysed. The flow fluctuations inside the oscillator were directly measured and the frequency spectra was calculated. The study of the propagation of the sweeping flow out of the oscillator was then tackled by front-light flow illumination and image cross-correlation techniques were used to retrieve the velocity vector field. The dynamic mode decomposition technique was applied to the measured velocity flow field to capture the oscillating flows mode structures and time dynamics. This technique allowed also the computation of the outflow dominant oscillation frequencies, which were compared with results obtained using point monitor frequency calculation and impact pressure measurement techniques. The visualisation and measurements agreed qualitatively and quantitatively with the computational fluid dynamics simulations in all the studied cases. Details of the study are discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Characterization of Self-Induced oscillating flows by means of optical and sensor measurement methods","authors":"Fernando Kevin Miranda , Michal Zeleňák , Zdeněk Říha","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper shows the application of different optical and sensor-based measurement methods to characterize self-induced oscillating flows inside and outside a feedback-free fluidic oscillator. The input pressures considered for the investigation range from 1.0 MPa to 5.0 MPa. Synchronized diagnostic sensors, flow visualisation and flow monitoring were set up to simultaneously acquire a complete description of the oscillator system. Two versions of the fluidic oscillator for the internal visualisation (with internal visual access window) and direct monitoring (with two sensors embedded in the chamber) of oscillating flows were numerically modelled, manufactured and tested. The flow oscillations generation and dynamic activity of vortices inside the oscillator were experimentally and numerically visualised and analysed. The flow fluctuations inside the oscillator were directly measured and the frequency spectra was calculated. The study of the propagation of the sweeping flow out of the oscillator was then tackled by front-light flow illumination and image cross-correlation techniques were used to retrieve the velocity vector field. The dynamic mode decomposition technique was applied to the measured velocity flow field to capture the oscillating flows mode structures and time dynamics. This technique allowed also the computation of the outflow dominant oscillation frequencies, which were compared with results obtained using point monitor frequency calculation and impact pressure measurement techniques. The visualisation and measurements agreed qualitatively and quantitatively with the computational fluid dynamics simulations in all the studied cases. Details of the study are discussed in the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 116973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116999
Xukai Dong, Junwen Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xuyang Bai
Rockburst in the M302 working face of a mine was analyzed using field monitoring data. The primary cause was attributed to the interaction between strong disturbances from composite hard roof fractures and high abutment pressure. Data analysis and theoretical methods The primary cause was attributed to the interaction between strong disturbances from composite hard roof fractures and high abutment pressure. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) Advanced abutment pressure affected a zone extending 0–260 m ahead of the working face, with high-pressure zones up to 130 m and stress warning zones up to 100 m. The peak stress area was concentrated within 60 m of the working face. 2) Microseismic activity was concentrated within −30 to 100 m along the gob-side entry, with high-energy points clustered between −30 and 60 m. 3) The peak frequency of microseismic events occurred 50 m ahead of the face. Roof fracture disturbance extended 0–120 m, forming a stratified zone of micoseismic activity at heights of 10–30 m. 4) Zoned advanced support with high-pressure zones up to 130 m and stress warning zones up to 100 m. The peak stress area was concentrated within 60 m of the working face.
{"title":"Multi-parameter monitoring and advanced support research for rockburst hazard area under composite hard roof and its engineering application: A case study","authors":"Xukai Dong, Junwen Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xuyang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockburst in the M302 working face of a mine was analyzed using field monitoring data. The primary cause was attributed to the interaction between strong disturbances from composite hard roof fractures and high abutment pressure. Data analysis and theoretical methods The primary cause was attributed to the interaction between strong disturbances from composite hard roof fractures and high abutment pressure. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) Advanced abutment pressure affected a zone extending 0–260 m ahead of the working face, with high-pressure zones up to 130 m and stress warning zones up to 100 m. The peak stress area was concentrated within 60 m of the working face. 2) Microseismic activity was concentrated within −30 to 100 m along the gob-side entry, with high-energy points clustered between −30 and 60 m. 3) The peak frequency of microseismic events occurred 50 m ahead of the face. Roof fracture disturbance extended 0–120 m, forming a stratified zone of micoseismic activity at heights of 10–30 m. 4) Zoned advanced support with high-pressure zones up to 130 m and stress warning zones up to 100 m. The peak stress area was concentrated within 60 m of the working face.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 116999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116915
Lina He , Tianjie Sun , Hu Wang , You Zhou , Zhu Wang , Xiangxiang He
Next to the gravitation of the Earth and main celestial bodies, Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) forms a dominate non-conservative perturbation acceleration acting on navigation satellites, which requires its careful consideration in Precise Orbit Determination (POD). When using the traditional empirical ECOM2 (Extended CODE Orbit Model) as SRP model in POD, the large systematic errors are observed for some satellites, and orbital accuracy level is different among satellites from different manufacturers. To address this issue, we developed an improved non-conservative perturbation model for BDS-3 satellites, focusing particularly on satellites manufactured by SECM (Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites). Initially, a priori analytical Box-Wing (BW) model was introduced to POD, fully incorporating satellite metadata and orbital plane characteristics. This improvement significantly benefits two SECM satellites, namely C25 and C26, in orbital Plane-C, eliminating a large number of systematic errors with their radial orbital accuracy reducing from 9.79 cm to 1.41 cm. To further enhance SECM satellites in Plane-A, we analyzed the correlations among SRP parameters derived from the post-fitting variance–covariance matrix, as well as spectral analysis of SRP accelerations. We conclude that BW as a priori SRP model takes partially into consideration the second-order sine and cosine terms of ECOM2 in direction. Subsequently, a simplified novel model, BW+iECOM2, has been written by keeping four-order terms from ECOM2 and estimating them with a priori constraint. This adjustment resulted in positive impact on geodetic parameters and an additional 11.3% improvement in radial component accuracy for SECM satellites. Overall, this novel model allows to achieve orbital accuracies of (1.92, 2.29, 1.87) cm for CAST (China Academy of Space Technology), (2.74, 2.46, 1.82) cm for SECM, and (5.28, 2.80, 2.73) cm for IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit) satellites in the radial, along-track, and cross-track components, respectively. Furthermore, validation of the novel model demonstrated significant enhancements. The orbit Signal-In-Space Range Error (SISRE) relative to GBM (Multi-GNSS precise products of GFZ) decreased by 51.0% compared to the ECOM2 strategy. The standard deviation (STD) of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals indicated a 7.4% improvement in radial accuracy for SECM-A Plane-A satellites and a 46.5% improvement for SECM Plane-C satellites, when using the novel model. Additionally, static and kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) showed improvements of 32.7% and 34.5%, respectively, particularly in the east component.
{"title":"A novel non-conservative perturbation model for enhanced Precise Orbit Determination of BDS-3 SECM satellites","authors":"Lina He , Tianjie Sun , Hu Wang , You Zhou , Zhu Wang , Xiangxiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Next to the gravitation of the Earth and main celestial bodies, Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) forms a dominate non-conservative perturbation acceleration acting on navigation satellites, which requires its careful consideration in Precise Orbit Determination (POD). When using the traditional empirical ECOM2 (Extended CODE Orbit Model) as SRP model in POD, the large systematic errors are observed for some satellites, and orbital accuracy level is different among satellites from different manufacturers. To address this issue, we developed an improved non-conservative perturbation model for BDS-3 satellites, focusing particularly on satellites manufactured by SECM (Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites). Initially, a priori analytical Box-Wing (BW) model was introduced to POD, fully incorporating satellite metadata and orbital plane characteristics. This improvement significantly benefits two SECM satellites, namely C25 and C26, in orbital Plane-C, eliminating a large number of systematic errors with their radial orbital accuracy reducing from 9.79 cm to 1.41 cm. To further enhance SECM satellites in Plane-A, we analyzed the correlations among SRP parameters derived from the post-fitting variance–covariance matrix, as well as spectral analysis of SRP accelerations. We conclude that BW as a priori SRP model takes partially into consideration the second-order sine and cosine terms of ECOM2 in <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> direction. Subsequently, a simplified novel model, BW+iECOM2, has been written by keeping four-order terms from ECOM2 and estimating them with a priori constraint. This adjustment resulted in positive impact on geodetic parameters and an additional 11.3% improvement in radial component accuracy for SECM satellites. Overall, this novel model allows to achieve orbital accuracies of (1.92, 2.29, 1.87) cm for CAST (China Academy of Space Technology), (2.74, 2.46, 1.82) cm for SECM, and (5.28, 2.80, 2.73) cm for IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit) satellites in the radial, along-track, and cross-track components, respectively. Furthermore, validation of the novel model demonstrated significant enhancements. The orbit Signal-In-Space Range Error (SISRE) relative to GBM (Multi-GNSS precise products of GFZ) decreased by 51.0% compared to the ECOM2 strategy. The standard deviation (STD) of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals indicated a 7.4% improvement in radial accuracy for SECM-A Plane-A satellites and a 46.5% improvement for SECM Plane-C satellites, when using the novel model. Additionally, static and kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) showed improvements of 32.7% and 34.5%, respectively, particularly in the east component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 116915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116979
Jing Yuan , Yuteng Liu , Changxiang Yan , Chunhui Hu , Jiawei Xu
Monitoring soil moisture (SM) helps optimize irrigation and increase crop yields. The SM indices with visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy can provide real-time and non-destructive information. However, the current construction of SM spectral indices is predominantly based on empirical parameterization methods, lacking a solid physical foundation. Additionally, the existing spectral indices are constrained to two-band forms and are all based on several specific forms. In this study, SM three-band indices (TBIs) based on the Kubelka-Munk (KM) and Hapke model were constructed. The converted reflectance (r) and the single scattering albedo (ω) were used to replace the reflectance (R) in constructing spectral indices. The selection of spectral indices forms, sensitive bands and their corresponding optimal spectral bandwidths was carried out based on correlation coefficients and cross-validated coefficient of determination (R2CV). Based on the field measurement data, the result of the comparative strategy indicates that the modeling performance of these spectral indices constructed based on the KM and Hapke model (R2CV: 82.13%-87.48%) outperforms those based on R (R2CV:52.39%-84.44%). In addition, these spectral indices developed in this study also demonstrate robust performance across soils with varying organic matter contents and diverse soil types. These SM spectral indices, derived from the soil radiation transfer model, possess clear physical interpretability and significantly reduce the complexity of model calibration in the SM prediction process. They enable the efficient development of soil property maps with both rapid processing and high prediction accuracy.
{"title":"Construction of soil moisture three-band indices with Vis-NIR spectroscopy based on the Kubelka-Munk and Hapke model","authors":"Jing Yuan , Yuteng Liu , Changxiang Yan , Chunhui Hu , Jiawei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring soil moisture (SM) helps optimize irrigation and increase crop yields. The SM indices with visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy can provide real-time and non-destructive information. However, the current construction of SM spectral indices is predominantly based on empirical parameterization methods, lacking a solid physical foundation. Additionally, the existing spectral indices are constrained to two-band forms and are all based on several specific forms. In this study, SM three-band indices (TBIs) based on the Kubelka-Munk (KM) and Hapke model were constructed. The converted reflectance (<em>r</em>) and the single scattering albedo (<em>ω</em>) were used to replace the reflectance (<em>R</em>) in constructing spectral indices. The selection of spectral indices forms, sensitive bands and their corresponding optimal spectral bandwidths was carried out based on correlation coefficients and cross-validated coefficient of determination (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub>). Based on the field measurement data, the result of the comparative strategy indicates that the modeling performance of these spectral indices constructed based on the KM and Hapke model (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub>: 82.13%-87.48%) outperforms those based on R (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub>:52.39%-84.44%). In addition, these spectral indices developed in this study also demonstrate robust performance across soils with varying organic matter contents and diverse soil types. These SM spectral indices, derived from the soil radiation transfer model, possess clear physical interpretability and significantly reduce the complexity of model calibration in the SM prediction process. They enable the efficient development of soil property maps with both rapid processing and high prediction accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 116979"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116948
Xueping Li , Shuang Wang , Quan Guo , Haokun Yang , Yanyu Liu , Xingyu Li , Xiaoshuang Dai , Zhiyuan Li , Junfeng Jiang , Tianhua Xu , Tiegen Liu
High-resolution sound source localization (SSL) with a short baseline could be accomplished using a coupled diaphragm. However, the symmetric coupled diaphragm is limited by the resonance characteristic and is not conducive to locating targets that are not of natural frequency. To achieve miniaturization of directional acoustic sensors for broadband applications, we propose an optical directional acoustic sensor with an asymmetric coupled diaphragm. An improved mechanical model of the asymmetric coupled diaphragm is established, and the directional response pattern around the natural frequency of the rocking mode is simulated. According to the frequency response experiment, we ensure rocking and bending modes at 2820 Hz and 2890 Hz, respectively. The directional performance from 2800 Hz to 2900 Hz is estimated for all azimuth angles. We experimentally verify that the interaural differences are amplified by a maximum factor of 3.4 over a wide bandwidth of 102 Hz. The results indicate that a broader interaural differences amplification is achieved by the binaural acoustic sensor via an asymmetric mechanical model compared to the previous symmetric model.
{"title":"Optical directional binaural acoustic sensor via an asymmetric mechanical model","authors":"Xueping Li , Shuang Wang , Quan Guo , Haokun Yang , Yanyu Liu , Xingyu Li , Xiaoshuang Dai , Zhiyuan Li , Junfeng Jiang , Tianhua Xu , Tiegen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-resolution sound source localization (SSL) with a short baseline could be accomplished using a coupled diaphragm. However, the symmetric coupled diaphragm is limited by the resonance characteristic and is not conducive to locating targets that are not of natural frequency. To achieve miniaturization of directional acoustic sensors for broadband applications, we propose an optical directional acoustic sensor with an asymmetric coupled diaphragm. An improved mechanical model of the asymmetric coupled diaphragm is established, and the directional response pattern around the natural frequency of the rocking mode is simulated. According to the frequency response experiment, we ensure rocking and bending modes at 2820 Hz and 2890 Hz, respectively. The directional performance from 2800 Hz to 2900 Hz is estimated for all azimuth angles. We experimentally verify that the interaural differences are amplified by a maximum factor of 3.4 over a wide bandwidth of 102 Hz. The results indicate that a broader interaural differences amplification is achieved by the binaural acoustic sensor via an asymmetric mechanical model compared to the previous symmetric model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 116948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116994
Qi Liu, Lichen Shi
To aid in the development of unmanned factories and increase industrial production efficiency, meter recognition reading methods based on machine vision are replacing manual meter reading. This paper proposes a recognition and reading method for pointer-type meters based on the lightweight networks YOLOv8S and MC-DeeplabV3Plus, with the goal of addressing existing methods’ poor robustness and low reading accuracy on edge devices. It applies to pointer-type meters with uniformly distributed scales. The proposed Channel Depth-wise Convolutional Attention (CDCA) module improves the channel attention module’s accuracy in segmenting details and edge features. It is integrated into the DeeplabV3Plus network alongside the Mixed Local Channel Attention (MLCA) module, thereby improving the model’s segmentation performance in complex scenarios. At the same time, MobileNetV2 is selected as the segmentation network’s backbone due to its lightweight structure, which makes it suitable for deployment on devices with limited resources. To enhance the stability of meter readings, this paper uses a flexible angular approach to calculate the readings. This method acquires the meter’s key points by mimicking the human reading sequence and maintains good robustness even when partial information is missing. The experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves a fiducial error of approximately 0.039 % in an interference-free laboratory environment and 0.733 % in real-world scenarios, and that the average frame rate for single image processing without GPU support is 3.61 FPS with only 14.18 million parameters, indicating a high application potential. The code is available at: https://github.com/paopao6777/det-read-pointer-meter.
{"title":"A pointer meter reading method based on human-like reading sequence and keypoint detection","authors":"Qi Liu, Lichen Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To aid in the development of unmanned factories and increase industrial production efficiency, meter recognition reading methods based on machine vision are replacing manual meter reading. This paper proposes a recognition and reading method for pointer-type meters based on the lightweight networks YOLOv8S and MC-DeeplabV3Plus, with the goal of addressing existing methods’ poor robustness and low reading accuracy on edge devices. It applies to pointer-type meters with uniformly distributed scales. The proposed Channel Depth-wise Convolutional Attention (CDCA) module improves the channel attention module’s accuracy in segmenting details and edge features. It is integrated into the DeeplabV3Plus network alongside the Mixed Local Channel Attention (MLCA) module, thereby improving the model’s segmentation performance in complex scenarios. At the same time, MobileNetV2 is selected as the segmentation network’s backbone due to its lightweight structure, which makes it suitable for deployment on devices with limited resources. To enhance the stability of meter readings, this paper uses a flexible angular approach to calculate the readings. This method acquires the meter’s key points by mimicking the human reading sequence and maintains good robustness even when partial information is missing. The experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves a fiducial error of approximately 0.039 % in an interference-free laboratory environment and 0.733 % in real-world scenarios, and that the average frame rate for single image processing without GPU support is 3.61 FPS with only 14.18 million parameters, indicating a high application potential. The code is available at: <span><span>https://github.com/paopao6777/det-read-pointer-meter</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 116994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116990
Sahar Jianian Tehrani, Bahman Vahidi
Worldwide, over a million bone injuries occur annually in which bone grafting procedures must be performed. A bone tissue engineering strategy offers a promising alternative to current medical treatments. Shear stress is an important mechanical stimulus that increases gene expression. Here, a computational study was conducted to validate a parallel plate bioreactor used to enhance the mesenchymal stem cells’ differentiation. The effect of different oscillatory frequencies was evaluated on the wall shear stress experienced by a cell layer cultured on a polymeric scaffold, considering the cell layer as both elastic and viscoelastic materials. The results showed that the height of the channel had a considerable impact on the wall shear stress magnitude, where the amount of the shear stress decreased by about 80 % with the increase in height from 1 to 5 mm. Moreover, the cell layer experienced the highest wall shear stress at the frequency of 2 Hz reaching 4 mPa. At the cell level, assuming an oscillatory regime would boost the von Mises stress level by approximately 41 %, representing a significant change; however, there was a slight change between the amount of strain in the steady condition and at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. This information not only validated the design criteria for the bioreactor, including geometric parameters, but it also enabled an accurate understanding of the biological reactions of MSCs when subjected to mechanical stimulations in vitro. Additionally, the findings assist tissue engineers in testing and designing a suitable bioreactor before the manufacturing process.
{"title":"In silico analysis of a parallel plate bioreactor to reveal effects of oscillatory flow on stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications","authors":"Sahar Jianian Tehrani, Bahman Vahidi","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide, over a million bone injuries occur annually in which bone grafting procedures must be performed. A bone tissue engineering strategy offers a promising alternative to current medical treatments. Shear stress is an important mechanical stimulus that increases gene expression. Here, a computational study was conducted to validate a parallel plate bioreactor used to enhance the mesenchymal stem cells’ differentiation. The effect of different oscillatory frequencies was evaluated on the wall shear stress experienced by a cell layer cultured on a polymeric scaffold, considering the cell layer as both elastic and viscoelastic materials. The results showed that the height of the channel had a considerable impact on the wall shear stress magnitude, where the amount of the shear stress decreased by about 80 % with the increase in height from 1 to 5 mm. Moreover, the cell layer experienced the highest wall shear stress at the frequency of 2 Hz reaching 4 mPa. At the cell level, assuming an oscillatory regime would boost the von Mises stress level by approximately 41 %, representing a significant change; however, there was a slight change between the amount of strain in the steady condition and at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz. This information not only validated the design criteria for the bioreactor, including geometric parameters, but it also enabled an accurate understanding of the biological reactions of MSCs when subjected to mechanical stimulations <em>in vitro</em>. Additionally, the findings assist tissue engineers in testing and designing a suitable bioreactor before the manufacturing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 116990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rotor is an important part of the turbine, but the vibration information of the rotor is not easy to be extracted, which leads to the lack of its vibration data. In this paper, a data augmentation method for assisting in turbine rotor fault diagnosis, the Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Self-Attention Mechanism (SA-ACWGAN), is improved to solve this problem. The Auxiliary Classification Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) as an architecture ensures the balance of the generated data, the incorporated Wasserstein distance ensures the accuracy of the feature extraction, and the Self-Attention Mechanism module enables the generator and the discriminator to consider both the local and global features in the feature extraction. Experiments are conducted on different rotor datasets. The results show that the method is effective in identifying faults in turbine rotors, with accuracy higher than 97% for both datasets.
{"title":"Research of turbine rotor fault diagnosis based on improved auxiliary classification generative adversarial network","authors":"Qinglei Zhang , Xinwei Lian , Jiyun Qin , Jianguo Duan , Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rotor is an important part of the turbine, but the vibration information of the rotor is not easy to be extracted, which leads to the lack of its vibration data. In this paper, a data augmentation method for assisting in turbine rotor fault diagnosis, the Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Self-Attention Mechanism (SA-ACWGAN), is improved to solve this problem. The Auxiliary Classification Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) as an architecture ensures the balance of the generated data, the incorporated Wasserstein distance ensures the accuracy of the feature extraction, and the Self-Attention Mechanism module enables the generator and the discriminator to consider both the local and global features in the feature extraction. Experiments are conducted on different rotor datasets. The results show that the method is effective in identifying faults in turbine rotors, with accuracy higher than 97% for both datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 116991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116890
S. Murathathunyaluk , M. Jinorose , K. Janpetch , N. Chanthapanya , W. Sombatsri , A. Wongsricha , R. Chawuthai , S.S. Mansouri , A. Anantpinijwatna
Conventional analytical methods for measuring pesticide concentrations, such as chromatography, offer high accuracy but require expensive instrumentation, prompting the investigation of cost-effective alternatives like smartphone-based spectrophotometers. Despite their potential, these methods face challenges related to assembly and precision, often requiring human intervention to select appropriate images for analysis. This study presents a novel, affordable spectrophotometer designed for integration with machine learning algorithms. The device captures images of two spectral bands and employs a six-step image processing methodology to prepare images for analysis. A machine learning model trained on four algorithms with feature selection and cross-validation demonstrates high accuracy in predicting chemical concentrations of coloured solutions. The approach achieves 98.5 % accuracy for KMnO4 and 96.7 % for Carbosulfan solutions, comparable to high-end spectrophotometry devices. The design eliminates the need for human intervention, reducing biased selection and result manipulation. However, concentration estimation of non-coloured compounds remains inaccurate, indicating areas for further refinement.
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Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116983
Chuan-Qi Wu , You-ran Wu , Hai-Feng Zhang
Recently, the significance of monitoring seawater quality has gradually increased due to the sharp increase in marine pollution due to human activities. A virtual polarizer (VP) capable of detecting seawater elements, is proposed in this paper. Coherent perfect polarization control over ultra-wideband can be achieved by manipulating two coherent electromagnetic waves (EWs). The detection of salinity and volume fraction of heavy oil of seawater can be realized by observing the perfectly matched points. Within 18.55 ∼ 23.88 THz, coherent polarization conversion is realized with an extremely high polarization conversion rate, which performs a vital function in controlling the propagation of EWs. Meanwhile, under TM mode, coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is achieved with a high-quality factor, which utilizes phase modulation to enable the detection of seawater algal content, and temperature. Utilizing the fragility of CPA, detecting schemes implemented employing this mechanism enable high sensitivity and low detection errors. In addition, the sensitivity, quality factor, figure of merit, and detection limit will be particularly emphasized by the calculation of the transfer matrix method. As a multifunctional instrument, the VP maintains excellent polarization conversion performance and detecting properties, offering promising applications in antenna sensing and propagation. Furthermore, the proposed VP is only a theoretical study and experimentation is not the focus of this paper.
{"title":"The detection of seawater elements by virtual polarizer capable of coherent perfect ultra-wideband polarization control","authors":"Chuan-Qi Wu , You-ran Wu , Hai-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the significance of monitoring seawater quality has gradually increased due to the sharp increase in marine pollution due to human activities. A virtual polarizer (VP) capable of detecting seawater elements, is proposed in this paper. Coherent perfect polarization control over ultra-wideband can be achieved by manipulating two coherent electromagnetic waves (EWs). The detection of salinity and volume fraction of heavy oil of seawater can be realized by observing the perfectly matched points. Within 18.55 ∼ 23.88 THz, coherent polarization conversion is realized with an extremely high polarization conversion rate, which performs a vital function in controlling the propagation of EWs. Meanwhile, under TM mode, coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is achieved with a high-quality factor, which utilizes phase modulation to enable the detection of seawater algal content, and temperature. Utilizing the fragility of CPA, detecting schemes implemented employing this mechanism enable high sensitivity and low detection errors. In addition, the sensitivity, quality factor, figure of merit, and detection limit will be particularly emphasized by the calculation of the transfer matrix method. As a multifunctional instrument, the VP maintains excellent polarization conversion performance and detecting properties, offering promising applications in antenna sensing and propagation. Furthermore, the proposed VP is only a theoretical study and experimentation is not the focus of this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 116983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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