Eman S. A. Al-Sammarraie, T. M. Sabirova, Hicham Meskher, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Grigory V. Zyryanov and Qusay F. Alsalhy
{"title":"Nanocomposite UF membrane of PVC/nano-silica modified with SDS for carwash wastewater treatment","authors":"Eman S. A. Al-Sammarraie, T. M. Sabirova, Hicham Meskher, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Grigory V. Zyryanov and Qusay F. Alsalhy","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00088A","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents an investigation of a novel fouling-resistant mixed matrix membrane (MMM) composed of ultrafiltration PVC incorporating silica nanoparticles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS) for carwash wastewater treatment. The hydrophilic SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS was synthesized by modifying SDS molecules onto the surfaces of silica nanoparticles (SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> NPs). Later, SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS NPs were incorporated into a PVC polymeric matrix at an optimized ratio. The prepared virgin membrane and MMMs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that MMMs prepared with 0.15 wt% SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS NPs exhibited optimum characteristics and performance, where the highest thickness of 118.71 ± 0.42 μm and maximum porosity of 81.40 ± 0.23% were obtained. The pure water flux of this membrane reached 127.75 ± 1.72 L m<small><sup>−2</sup></small> h<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, which is better than that of other modified membranes. This membrane achieved high removal of total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand of 93% and 78%, respectively, when used with real carwash wastewater. Additionally, the 0.15 wt% SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS NPs exhibited stable performance during prolonged operation, resulting in the best flux recovery ratio of 80% among other tested membranes, signifying its superior fouling resistance bestowed by the hydrophilic nature of the incorporated SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-SDS NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 3","pages":" 469-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/va/d4va00088a?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental science. Advances","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/va/d4va00088a","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study presents an investigation of a novel fouling-resistant mixed matrix membrane (MMM) composed of ultrafiltration PVC incorporating silica nanoparticles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SiO2-SDS) for carwash wastewater treatment. The hydrophilic SiO2-SDS was synthesized by modifying SDS molecules onto the surfaces of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs). Later, SiO2-SDS NPs were incorporated into a PVC polymeric matrix at an optimized ratio. The prepared virgin membrane and MMMs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that MMMs prepared with 0.15 wt% SiO2-SDS NPs exhibited optimum characteristics and performance, where the highest thickness of 118.71 ± 0.42 μm and maximum porosity of 81.40 ± 0.23% were obtained. The pure water flux of this membrane reached 127.75 ± 1.72 L m−2 h−1, which is better than that of other modified membranes. This membrane achieved high removal of total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand of 93% and 78%, respectively, when used with real carwash wastewater. Additionally, the 0.15 wt% SiO2-SDS NPs exhibited stable performance during prolonged operation, resulting in the best flux recovery ratio of 80% among other tested membranes, signifying its superior fouling resistance bestowed by the hydrophilic nature of the incorporated SiO2-SDS NPs.