Pooja Thathola, Elda M. Melchor-Martínez, Priyanka Adhikari, Saúl Antonio Hernández Martínez, Anita Pandey, Roberto Parra
Excessive use of emerging contaminants (ECs) in various applications has led to a global health crisis. ECs are found in groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. This review explores the sources of ECs and laccase's role in their degradation. ECs have diverse categories with potential implications for human health, animals, and the environment, and their adverse effects are examined. Laccase, a key mediator, can oxidize non-phenolic compounds, broadening its substrate range. The review discusses the intricacies of laccase-mediated degradation and highlights its potential to improve global water resource sustainability. Innovative strategies, like immobilized laccase, are explored for EC removal, benefiting environmental preservation. In summary, the review addresses the issue of excessive EC use, their presence in water sources, and their impact on health, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Laccase offers promise for EC degradation, emphasizing its mechanism and potential for sustainable water resource management. Advanced techniques, including immobilized laccase, further demonstrate commitment to tackling EC-induced environmental challenges.
{"title":"Laccase-Mediated Degradation of Emergent Contaminants: Unveiling a Sustainable Solution","authors":"Pooja Thathola, Elda M. Melchor-Martínez, Priyanka Adhikari, Saúl Antonio Hernández Martínez, Anita Pandey, Roberto Parra","doi":"10.1039/d4va00173g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00173g","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive use of emerging contaminants (ECs) in various applications has led to a global health crisis. ECs are found in groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. This review explores the sources of ECs and laccase's role in their degradation. ECs have diverse categories with potential implications for human health, animals, and the environment, and their adverse effects are examined. Laccase, a key mediator, can oxidize non-phenolic compounds, broadening its substrate range. The review discusses the intricacies of laccase-mediated degradation and highlights its potential to improve global water resource sustainability. Innovative strategies, like immobilized laccase, are explored for EC removal, benefiting environmental preservation. In summary, the review addresses the issue of excessive EC use, their presence in water sources, and their impact on health, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Laccase offers promise for EC degradation, emphasizing its mechanism and potential for sustainable water resource management. Advanced techniques, including immobilized laccase, further demonstrate commitment to tackling EC-induced environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visible light-driven motors (Vis-LDM) have shown significant potential for water decontamination processes through the synergistic interaction between their active movement and photocatalytic properties, enabling more efficient degradation of organic pollutants. This review highlights recent advances in Vis-LDM photocatalysts for sustainable environmental pollution mitigation. Innovations include fuelless Vis-LDM with hybrid structures and crystalline materials, and biofuel alternatives like water and glucose, though logistical challenges persist. The use of natural materials like lignin and cellulose nanocrystals promotes sustainability but faces energy conversion efficiency challenges. Strategies to enhance efficiency, such as doping and heterojunction formation, are discussed. Advances in stability, reuse, and magnetic recovery capabilities are also reviewed. Collective behavior and environmental adaptability are explored to improve catalytic efficiency. Despite the presented advances, definitive solutions to these limitations have not yet been found. A perspective on the directions for future research is also included in this review, namely the need to resolve issues of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. Additionally, investing in Vis-LDM with programmable routes and precise navigation can enhance versatility and accuracy. Selective behavior to target hazardous contaminants is important; the molecular imprinting technique being a potential solution. Future research should also focus on real-world testing and navigation improvements. Overcoming these challenges is essential to fully harness the potential of Vis-LDM for environmental remediation and global environmental health.
{"title":"Advancements in Visible Light-Driven Micro/nanomotors for Photodegradation of Environmental Pollutants","authors":"Vanessa Regina Ferreira, Manuel Azenha","doi":"10.1039/d4va00230j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00230j","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light-driven motors (Vis-LDM) have shown significant potential for water decontamination processes through the synergistic interaction between their active movement and photocatalytic properties, enabling more efficient degradation of organic pollutants. This review highlights recent advances in Vis-LDM photocatalysts for sustainable environmental pollution mitigation. Innovations include fuelless Vis-LDM with hybrid structures and crystalline materials, and biofuel alternatives like water and glucose, though logistical challenges persist. The use of natural materials like lignin and cellulose nanocrystals promotes sustainability but faces energy conversion efficiency challenges. Strategies to enhance efficiency, such as doping and heterojunction formation, are discussed. Advances in stability, reuse, and magnetic recovery capabilities are also reviewed. Collective behavior and environmental adaptability are explored to improve catalytic efficiency. Despite the presented advances, definitive solutions to these limitations have not yet been found. A perspective on the directions for future research is also included in this review, namely the need to resolve issues of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. Additionally, investing in Vis-LDM with programmable routes and precise navigation can enhance versatility and accuracy. Selective behavior to target hazardous contaminants is important; the molecular imprinting technique being a potential solution. Future research should also focus on real-world testing and navigation improvements. Overcoming these challenges is essential to fully harness the potential of Vis-LDM for environmental remediation and global environmental health.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Xu, Chunhong Liu, Kaimin Du, Qiangsheng Gao, Zheming Liu, Weijian Wang
The past several years have witnessed great progress in utilization of industrial waste gypsum. Newly developed carbonation technology toward CaCO3 preparation also reveals a significant utilization way to recover high-value products from waste gypsum, whereas there is a shortage of systematic reviews reporting the most recent progress in carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG). This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of major achievements regarding FGDG carbonation and calcium carbonate production to address future investigation directions. We start with a brief introduction of FGDG production and utilization approaches in practical use with their advantages and disadvantages. Then we systematically summarize two types of carbonation, including a direct way and an indirect way. The direct way typically involves three steps: CO2 capture and CO32− formation; CaSO4·2H2O dissolution; CaCO3 crystallization. High purity CaCO3 is prepared and the polymorph of precipitated CaCO3 is affected by many factors, such as the Ca2+/CO32− ratio, reaction conditions, impurities, and additives. The indirect way involves gypsum thermal reduction, carbonation, and sulfur recovery. Finally, challenges of current work and perspectives are presented to expedite future industrialization progress and provide a promising research direction for FGDG carbonation.
{"title":"A brief review on flue gas desulfurization gypsum recovery toward calcium carbonate preparation","authors":"Wei Xu, Chunhong Liu, Kaimin Du, Qiangsheng Gao, Zheming Liu, Weijian Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4va00179f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00179f","url":null,"abstract":"The past several years have witnessed great progress in utilization of industrial waste gypsum. Newly developed carbonation technology toward CaCO<small><sub>3</sub></small> preparation also reveals a significant utilization way to recover high-value products from waste gypsum, whereas there is a shortage of systematic reviews reporting the most recent progress in carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG). This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of major achievements regarding FGDG carbonation and calcium carbonate production to address future investigation directions. We start with a brief introduction of FGDG production and utilization approaches in practical use with their advantages and disadvantages. Then we systematically summarize two types of carbonation, including a direct way and an indirect way. The direct way typically involves three steps: CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> capture and CO<small><sub>3</sub></small><small><sup>2−</sup></small> formation; CaSO<small><sub>4</sub></small>·2H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O dissolution; CaCO<small><sub>3</sub></small> crystallization. High purity CaCO<small><sub>3</sub></small> is prepared and the polymorph of precipitated CaCO<small><sub>3</sub></small> is affected by many factors, such as the Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small>/CO<small><sub>3</sub></small><small><sup>2−</sup></small> ratio, reaction conditions, impurities, and additives. The indirect way involves gypsum thermal reduction, carbonation, and sulfur recovery. Finally, challenges of current work and perspectives are presented to expedite future industrialization progress and provide a promising research direction for FGDG carbonation.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mineral carbonation is a promising strategy for mitigating carbon emissions and combating climate change. This study investigates the efficacy and sustainability of MgO-based stabilization techniques for soft marine soils, incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as biochar and slag. A combination of laboratory experiments and rigorous analyses was utilized to elucidate the complex interplay between the additives and their impacts on soil hydraulic characteristics, carbon sequestration potential, embodied energy, and economic viability. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was employed to characterize pore structure changes induced by carbonation, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to correlate mineral formations. The results indicate that MgO–biochar-treated soils exhibit enhanced soil air content, pore connectivity, and carbon sequestration efficiency compared to MgO–slag-treated soils, exhibiting reduced pore volumes and limited CO2 diffusion. Integrating biochar with MgO enhanced brucite and nesquehonite precipitation due to biochar's porous structure and functionalized surface area, facilitating gas diffusion and nucleation for mineral formation. Sustainability assessments highlight the environmental and economic trade-offs, positioning MgO–biochar and MgO–slag combinations as cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. This research provides theoretical guidance for sustainable soil stabilization and efficient CO2 mineralization, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers addressing climate change challenges.
矿物碳化是减少碳排放和应对气候变化的一项有前途的战略。本研究调查了以氧化镁为基础的软质海洋土壤稳定技术的有效性和可持续性，并结合了生物炭和矿渣等补充胶凝材料（SCMs）。研究结合实验室实验和严格的分析，阐明了添加剂之间复杂的相互作用及其对土壤水力特性、固碳潜力、体现能源和经济可行性的影响。采用汞渗入孔隙测定法（MIP）来描述碳化引起的孔隙结构变化，同时采用 X 射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来关联矿物形态。结果表明，与氧化镁-矿渣处理过的土壤相比，氧化镁-生物炭处理过的土壤空气含量、孔隙连通性和固碳效率都有所提高，但孔隙体积减少，二氧化碳扩散受限。由于生物炭的多孔结构和功能化表面积，将生物炭与氧化镁结合可提高青金石和内沸石的沉淀，促进气体扩散和矿物形成的成核。可持续性评估强调了环境和经济的权衡，将氧化镁-生物炭和氧化镁-矿渣组合定位为具有成本效益和环境友好的替代品。这项研究为可持续的土壤稳定化和高效的二氧化碳矿化提供了理论指导，为应对气候变化挑战的研究人员、从业人员和决策者提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Impacts of biochar and slag on carbon sequestration potential and sustainability assessment of MgO-stabilized marine soils: insights from MIP analysis","authors":"Chikezie Chimere Onyekwena, Qi Li, Yong Wang, Ishrat Hameed Alvi, Yunlu Hou, Chima Finnian Ukaomah, Theogene Hakuzweyezu","doi":"10.1039/d4va00095a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00095a","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral carbonation is a promising strategy for mitigating carbon emissions and combating climate change. This study investigates the efficacy and sustainability of MgO-based stabilization techniques for soft marine soils, incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as biochar and slag. A combination of laboratory experiments and rigorous analyses was utilized to elucidate the complex interplay between the additives and their impacts on soil hydraulic characteristics, carbon sequestration potential, embodied energy, and economic viability. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was employed to characterize pore structure changes induced by carbonation, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to correlate mineral formations. The results indicate that MgO–biochar-treated soils exhibit enhanced soil air content, pore connectivity, and carbon sequestration efficiency compared to MgO–slag-treated soils, exhibiting reduced pore volumes and limited CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> diffusion. Integrating biochar with MgO enhanced brucite and nesquehonite precipitation due to biochar's porous structure and functionalized surface area, facilitating gas diffusion and nucleation for mineral formation. Sustainability assessments highlight the environmental and economic trade-offs, positioning MgO–biochar and MgO–slag combinations as cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. This research provides theoretical guidance for sustainable soil stabilization and efficient CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> mineralization, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers addressing climate change challenges.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diptiman De, Priyotosh Ghosh, Sriman De, Prithidipa Sahoo
Considering the significant toxicity of arsenite (AsO2−), arsenate (AsO43−), and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), the early detection of these ions and gas using simple methods like naked-eye chemosensing could have substantial implications for environmental and industrial applications. With these factors in mind, we have developed a novel and straightforward colorimetric chemosensor called NADNP (2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde conjugated 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine) for swift paper-based colorimetric detection of arsenite, arsenate, and H2S, based on a deprotonation mechanism. NADNP exhibits strong binding affinity towards sulfide, arsenite, and arsenate, with very lower detection limits (LOD) of 0.17 μM, 0.15 μM and 0.15 μM respectively, and the binding stoichiometry between these detected ions and NADNP is determined to be 1 : 1 through Job's plot analysis. Structural elucidation and electronic properties calculation have been conducted via DFT (Density Functional Theory) studies for correlation with the spectroscopic analyses. The ‘three-in-one’ paper strip-based chemosensor could be considered a promising colorimetric tool for rapid, cost-effective, selective, and sensitive “on-spot” sensing and monitoring of arsenite, arsenate, and sulfide in environmental samples.
{"title":"Naked eye detection of arsenite, arsenate, and H2S by a Schiff base naphthaldehyde conjugate using a single paper strip, based on a deprotonation mechanism","authors":"Diptiman De, Priyotosh Ghosh, Sriman De, Prithidipa Sahoo","doi":"10.1039/d4va00213j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00213j","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the significant toxicity of arsenite (AsO<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>), arsenate (AsO<small><sub>4</sub></small><small><sup>3−</sup></small>), and hydrogen sulphide (H<small><sub>2</sub></small>S), the early detection of these ions and gas using simple methods like naked-eye chemosensing could have substantial implications for environmental and industrial applications. With these factors in mind, we have developed a novel and straightforward colorimetric chemosensor called NADNP (2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde conjugated 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine) for swift paper-based colorimetric detection of arsenite, arsenate, and H<small><sub>2</sub></small>S, based on a deprotonation mechanism. NADNP exhibits strong binding affinity towards sulfide, arsenite, and arsenate, with very lower detection limits (LOD) of 0.17 μM, 0.15 μM and 0.15 μM respectively, and the binding stoichiometry between these detected ions and NADNP is determined to be 1 : 1 through Job's plot analysis. Structural elucidation and electronic properties calculation have been conducted <em>via</em> DFT (Density Functional Theory) studies for correlation with the spectroscopic analyses. The ‘three-in-one’ paper strip-based chemosensor could be considered a promising colorimetric tool for rapid, cost-effective, selective, and sensitive “on-spot” sensing and monitoring of arsenite, arsenate, and sulfide in environmental samples.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high volume of plastic waste generated and its potential harm to wildlife and ecosystems are negative consequences of poor end-of-life food packaging management. An essential part of designing food packaging is minimizing its environmental impact, which is a significant challenge for the industry. The aim of this study was to examine existing life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches for investigating the environmental advantages of novel food packaging systems in the field of ready-to-eat fish and meat products. The scope of studies differed, with some including food products and others focusing on the direct and/or indirect environmental impacts of packaging. The reviewed LCA performances showed how different focuses could be used as sequential steps in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of a food-packaging system. By considering a holistic LCA approach and evaluating the environmental performance of different packagings, industry stakeholders can make informed decisions. Therefore, playing an active role that balances necessity and wastefulness and creates efficient and sustainable packaging solutions.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment methods for investigating novel food packaging systems","authors":"Ina Bremenkamp, Maria J. Sousa Gallagher","doi":"10.1039/d3va00380a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00380a","url":null,"abstract":"The high volume of plastic waste generated and its potential harm to wildlife and ecosystems are negative consequences of poor end-of-life food packaging management. An essential part of designing food packaging is minimizing its environmental impact, which is a significant challenge for the industry. The aim of this study was to examine existing life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches for investigating the environmental advantages of novel food packaging systems in the field of ready-to-eat fish and meat products. The scope of studies differed, with some including food products and others focusing on the direct and/or indirect environmental impacts of packaging. The reviewed LCA performances showed how different focuses could be used as sequential steps in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of a food-packaging system. By considering a holistic LCA approach and evaluating the environmental performance of different packagings, industry stakeholders can make informed decisions. Therefore, playing an active role that balances necessity and wastefulness and creates efficient and sustainable packaging solutions.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green bonds are becoming a popular investment option as a result of growing investor awareness of social and environmental issues. Green bonds are financial securities used to fund initiatives aimed at mitigating the effects of global industrialization on the environment and climate change, as well as initiatives that make use of cutting-edge technology. For the SDGs to be achieved, this kind of financial product must be successfully promoted. Therefore, the objective of this research work is to statistically analyze the characteristics of green and brown bond yields. In addition, to ascertain how the two yields relate to one another and how they change over time.
{"title":"The financial market wants to believe in European sustainability. Time trends and persistence analysis of green vs. brown bond yields","authors":"Manuel Monge","doi":"10.1039/d4va00193a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00193a","url":null,"abstract":"Green bonds are becoming a popular investment option as a result of growing investor awareness of social and environmental issues. Green bonds are financial securities used to fund initiatives aimed at mitigating the effects of global industrialization on the environment and climate change, as well as initiatives that make use of cutting-edge technology. For the SDGs to be achieved, this kind of financial product must be successfully promoted. Therefore, the objective of this research work is to statistically analyze the characteristics of green and brown bond yields. In addition, to ascertain how the two yields relate to one another and how they change over time.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Gou, Shijie Song, Tao Huang, Zaili Ling, Kaijie Chen, Jiayi Xin, Enze Geng, Jiaxin Wang, Yuan Zhao, Hong Gao, Jianmin Ma
With a unique geographical location and a fragile ecological environment, the Arctic has been a major concern of contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dioxins, also termed polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) due to their high toxicity. Under the influence of global warming, increasing wildfires have occurred in northern territories of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in the recent decade. Given the proximity of these natural sources, the Arctic is likely subject to growing risks of local and nearby wildfire emissions of POPs. By implementing an updated global PCDD/Fs atmospheric emission inventory from 2011 to 2020 into an atmospheric transport model, we quantitatively assessed the PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic atmosphere. We explored the impact of wildfire combustion on PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic atmosphere and evaluated the relative significance of local and remote emissions from wildfire and anthropogenic sources. The results revealed that PCDD/Fs emissions from wildfire sources played an increasingly important role in PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic, contributing to about 70% of PCDD/Fs concentrations in Arctic air in 2020. Within the Arctic circle, wildfire emissions have also exceeded anthropogenic emissions since the late 2010s. This study provides data support for further assessment of wildfires' impact on the Arctic region's ecological environment and valuable information for assessing the effectiveness of PCDD/Fs (and other POPs) emission control.
{"title":"Dioxins in the Arctic: local sources vs. long-range transport","authors":"Ling Gou, Shijie Song, Tao Huang, Zaili Ling, Kaijie Chen, Jiayi Xin, Enze Geng, Jiaxin Wang, Yuan Zhao, Hong Gao, Jianmin Ma","doi":"10.1039/d4va00202d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00202d","url":null,"abstract":"With a unique geographical location and a fragile ecological environment, the Arctic has been a major concern of contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as dioxins, also termed polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) due to their high toxicity. Under the influence of global warming, increasing wildfires have occurred in northern territories of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in the recent decade. Given the proximity of these natural sources, the Arctic is likely subject to growing risks of local and nearby wildfire emissions of POPs. By implementing an updated global PCDD/Fs atmospheric emission inventory from 2011 to 2020 into an atmospheric transport model, we quantitatively assessed the PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic atmosphere. We explored the impact of wildfire combustion on PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic atmosphere and evaluated the relative significance of local and remote emissions from wildfire and anthropogenic sources. The results revealed that PCDD/Fs emissions from wildfire sources played an increasingly important role in PCDD/Fs pollution in the Arctic, contributing to about 70% of PCDD/Fs concentrations in Arctic air in 2020. Within the Arctic circle, wildfire emissions have also exceeded anthropogenic emissions since the late 2010s. This study provides data support for further assessment of wildfires' impact on the Arctic region's ecological environment and valuable information for assessing the effectiveness of PCDD/Fs (and other POPs) emission control.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eri Saikawa, Alexander Elkov Avramov, Nicholas Basinger, Jerzi Hood, Nandita Gaur, Aaron Thompson, Angela Moore, Douglas Wolf, Yaoxing Wu
Pesticides are biologically active compounds and their application may alter soil microbial communities and thus could possibly impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, this aspect of agricultural production is rarely studied at the field scale. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 2-year field study growing maize (corn) under three pesticide application levels (no, medium, and high) in two agricultural practices: bare soil (conventional) and using cereal rye as a cover crop. In plots with no pesticide inputs, weeds were managed through hand removal weekly. We quantified GHG emissions, changes in soil labile carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and other typical growth parameters in the Iron Horse Farm, Georgia. Corn grain yields were within 93% of the estimated site yield potential, with yield significantly higher in 2021 than in 2022. Using a linear mixed model, including the data in both 2021 and 2022 for soil nutrients, soil temperature, soil moisture, agricultural practice, and pesticide levels as fixed effects and date and plot as random effects, soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were statistically significantly associated with soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil N2O emissions were only associated with soil moisture. Soils in general served as a sink for CH4 in all the agricultural practices and soil CH4 fluxes were also only associated with soil moisture. Three plots with high soil C/N ratio with a visible presence of biochar resulted in several high CH4 flux events during the growing season. Soils from all plots were net sources of GHG and there were no significant differences in the amount of soil C sequestered between the plots. Our study shows that none of the variables we analyzed - yield, individual/net GHG emissions or the amount of C sequestered - in the two years of our experiment were impacted by the magnitude of pesticide application. However, this may change in a long-term experiment. Further research is essential to understand the underlying mechanism for high CH4 pulses in corn fields with high C/N ratio, as positive impacts of biochar might coincide with large negative consequences on climate, depending on conditions.
{"title":"Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Corn Systems with Varying Agricultural Practices and Pesticide Levels","authors":"Eri Saikawa, Alexander Elkov Avramov, Nicholas Basinger, Jerzi Hood, Nandita Gaur, Aaron Thompson, Angela Moore, Douglas Wolf, Yaoxing Wu","doi":"10.1039/d4va00105b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00105b","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides are biologically active compounds and their application may alter soil microbial communities and thus could possibly impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, this aspect of agricultural production is rarely studied at the field scale. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 2-year field study growing maize (corn) under three pesticide application levels (no, medium, and high) in two agricultural practices: bare soil (conventional) and using cereal rye as a cover crop. In plots with no pesticide inputs, weeds were managed through hand removal weekly. We quantified GHG emissions, changes in soil labile carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and other typical growth parameters in the Iron Horse Farm, Georgia. Corn grain yields were within 93% of the estimated site yield potential, with yield significantly higher in 2021 than in 2022. Using a linear mixed model, including the data in both 2021 and 2022 for soil nutrients, soil temperature, soil moisture, agricultural practice, and pesticide levels as fixed effects and date and plot as random effects, soil surface carbon dioxide (CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) fluxes were statistically significantly associated with soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil N<small><sub>2</sub></small>O emissions were only associated with soil moisture. Soils in general served as a sink for CH<small><sub>4</sub></small> in all the agricultural practices and soil CH<small><sub>4</sub></small> fluxes were also only associated with soil moisture. Three plots with high soil C/N ratio with a visible presence of biochar resulted in several high CH<small><sub>4</sub></small> flux events during the growing season. Soils from all plots were net sources of GHG and there were no significant differences in the amount of soil C sequestered between the plots. Our study shows that none of the variables we analyzed - yield, individual/net GHG emissions or the amount of C sequestered - in the two years of our experiment were impacted by the magnitude of pesticide application. However, this may change in a long-term experiment. Further research is essential to understand the underlying mechanism for high CH<small><sub>4</sub></small> pulses in corn fields with high C/N ratio, as positive impacts of biochar might coincide with large negative consequences on climate, depending on conditions.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felina Armbruster, Alexander Gelner, Andreas Zepf, Maximilian Prager, Martin Härtl, Malte Jaensch
In an effort to mitigate the impact of climate change, e.g., by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, hydrogen is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative energy source, replacing conventional long-chain hydrocarbon fuels in the energy and transport sector. While there is a shift in individual transport towards battery-electric applications, the maritime and energy production sectors rely on a high energy density and time- and location-independent availability of the energy carrier. Therefore, large-bore engines powered by renewable fuels have the potential to shift the industry towards a climate-neutral operation. Besides the emission of greenhouse gases, internal combustion engines are known for emitting pollutant emissions, harming human health and the environment. Research on particle emissions of natural gas and hydrogen engines has mainly focused on automotive and heavy-duty applications. Hence, this study investigates particle emissions of a large-bore single-cylinder research engine powered by hydrogen, compared to natural gas, for the first time. Investigations on particles with a diameter as low as 10 nm showed particle numbers of 104 to 105 # cm−3, unexpectedly achieving slightly higher particle numbers in hydrogen than in natural gas operations. This is due to particles from lubricant oil and a stronger fuel interaction with the liner oil film in hydrogen operation, demonstrated within a 3D-CFD simulation. The concentrations are still lower by several orders of magnitude than in long-chain hydrocarbon fuel operations of identical engines. An extended emissions analysis based on the gaseous components THC, CO, and CO2 shows the negligible carbonaceous emissions induced by these oil-based particles.
{"title":"Investigations on particle emissions of large-bore engines powered by natural gas and hydrogen","authors":"Felina Armbruster, Alexander Gelner, Andreas Zepf, Maximilian Prager, Martin Härtl, Malte Jaensch","doi":"10.1039/d4va00200h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00200h","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to mitigate the impact of climate change, <em>e.g.</em>, by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, hydrogen is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative energy source, replacing conventional long-chain hydrocarbon fuels in the energy and transport sector. While there is a shift in individual transport towards battery-electric applications, the maritime and energy production sectors rely on a high energy density and time- and location-independent availability of the energy carrier. Therefore, large-bore engines powered by renewable fuels have the potential to shift the industry towards a climate-neutral operation. Besides the emission of greenhouse gases, internal combustion engines are known for emitting pollutant emissions, harming human health and the environment. Research on particle emissions of natural gas and hydrogen engines has mainly focused on automotive and heavy-duty applications. Hence, this study investigates particle emissions of a large-bore single-cylinder research engine powered by hydrogen, compared to natural gas, for the first time. Investigations on particles with a diameter as low as 10 nm showed particle numbers of 10<small><sup>4</sup></small> to 10<small><sup>5</sup></small> # cm<small><sup>−3</sup></small>, unexpectedly achieving slightly higher particle numbers in hydrogen than in natural gas operations. This is due to particles from lubricant oil and a stronger fuel interaction with the liner oil film in hydrogen operation, demonstrated within a 3D-CFD simulation. The concentrations are still lower by several orders of magnitude than in long-chain hydrocarbon fuel operations of identical engines. An extended emissions analysis based on the gaseous components THC, CO, and CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> shows the negligible carbonaceous emissions induced by these oil-based particles.","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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