Evaluation of the performance of ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o as a learning tool in endodontics

IF 6.4 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE International endodontic journal Pub Date : 2026-05-10 Epub Date: 2025-03-02 DOI:10.1111/iej.14217

Esra Arılı Öztürk, Ceren Turan Gökduman, Burhan Can Çanakçi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of responses given by two different versions of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4o, to multiple-choice questions prepared from undergraduate endodontic education topics at different times of the day and on different days.

Methodology

In total, 60 multiple-choice, text-based questions from 6 topics of undergraduate endodontic education were prepared. Each question was asked to ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o 3 times a day (morning, noon, and evening) and for 3 consecutive days. The accuracy and consistency of AIs were compared using SPSS and R programs (p < .05, 95% confidence interval).

Results

The accuracy rate of ChatGPT-4o (92.8%) was significantly higher than that of ChatGPT-4 (81.7%; p < .001). The question groups affected the accuracy rates of both AIs (p < .001). The times at which the questions were asked did not affect the accuracy of either AI (p > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in the consistency rate between ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o (p = .123). The question groups did not affect the consistency of either AI, too (p > .05).

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, the accuracy of ChatGPT-4o was better than that of ChatGPT-4. These findings demonstrate that AI chatbots can be used in dental education. However, it is also necessary to consider the limitations and potential risks associated with AI.

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ChatGPT-4和chatgpt - 40作为牙髓学学习工具的性能评价。

目的：本研究的目的是评估两个不同版本的聊天生成预训练转换器（ChatGPT）， ChatGPT-4和ChatGPT- 40在一天中的不同时间和不同日期对本科生牙髓教育主题的多项选择题的回答的准确性和一致性。方法：从本科牙髓学教育的6个主题中选取60道选择题，以文本为基础。每个问题每天向ChatGPT-4和chatgpt - 40询问3次（早、中、晚），连续3天。结果：chatgpt - 40的准确率（92.8%）显著高于ChatGPT-4的准确率（81.7%）；p . 05)。ChatGPT-4与chatgpt - 40的符合率差异无统计学意义（p = .123）。问题组也不影响任何一种人工智能的一致性（p < 0.05）。结论：根据本研究结果，chatgpt - 40的准确性优于ChatGPT-4。这些发现表明，人工智能聊天机器人可以用于牙科教育。然而，也有必要考虑与人工智能相关的局限性和潜在风险。

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来源期刊

International endodontic journal 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

28.00%

发文量

195

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Endodontic Journal is published monthly and strives to publish original articles of the highest quality to disseminate scientific and clinical knowledge; all manuscripts are subjected to peer review. Original scientific articles are published in the areas of biomedical science, applied materials science, bioengineering, epidemiology and social science relevant to endodontic disease and its management, and to the restoration of root-treated teeth. In addition, review articles, reports of clinical cases, book reviews, summaries and abstracts of scientific meetings and news items are accepted. The International Endodontic Journal is essential reading for general dental practitioners, specialist endodontists, research, scientists and dental teachers.