The role of pubertal development in the association between trauma and internalising symptoms in female youth

IF 7 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1111/jcpp.14139

Niamh MacSweeney, Phoebe Thomson, Tilmann von Soest, Christian K. Tamnes, Divyangana Rakesh

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Abstract

Background

Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with an increased risk for internalising symptoms. Alterations in pubertal development has been proposed as a potential mechanism underpinning this association. However, longitudinal studies, which are needed to examine pubertal development over time, are scarce. The goal of this pre-registered study was to examine how trauma exposure shapes the timing and tempo of pubertal development, and in turn contributes to risk for internalising symptoms in female youth.

Methods

Using the largest longitudinal sample to date, we characterised profiles of pubertal development across four time points in female youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 4,225, age range = 9–14 years) using latent profile analysis. Pubertal development was assessed using the Pubertal Development Scale (at four time points). Trauma exposure was quantified using the post-traumatic stress disorder subscale from the parent-report Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5 (at baseline), and internalising symptoms were assessed using the self-report Brief Problem Monitor (at 3-year follow-up).

Results

Pubertal development could be grouped into three latent classes: early starters (9% of sample), typical developers (76%) and slow developers (15%). The early starters demonstrated higher levels of trauma exposure compared to typical developers and slow developers, while slow developers showed the least exposure to trauma. Youth with greater exposure to trauma were at an increased risk for internalising symptoms at ages 12–14 years, and this association was mediated by a higher pubertal status at ages 9–10 years, but not by a faster pubertal tempo.

Conclusions

Accelerated pubertal development, characterised by an earlier age of onset but not a higher pubertal tempo in the transition from late childhood to early adolescence, may be a mechanism through which trauma exposure in childhood increases risk for internalising symptoms in female youth.

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青春期发育在女性青年创伤和内化症状之间的关系中的作用。

背景：童年时期暴露于创伤与内化症状的风险增加有关。青春期发育的改变被认为是支持这种关联的潜在机制。然而，纵向研究，需要检查青春期的发展随着时间的推移，是稀缺的。这项预先登记的研究的目的是检查创伤暴露如何影响青春期发育的时间和速度，进而增加女性青年内化症状的风险。方法：使用迄今为止最大的纵向样本，我们使用潜在剖面分析来描述来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究（N = 4,225，年龄范围= 9-14岁）的女性青年在四个时间点的青春期发育概况。使用青春期发育量表（在四个时间点）评估青春期发育。使用DSM-5中父母报告儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症时间表中的创伤后应激障碍亚量表（基线）对创伤暴露进行量化，并使用自我报告简短问题监测（3年随访）评估内化症状。结果：青春期发育可分为三种潜在类型：早发型（9%）、典型发展型（76%）和慢发型（15%）。与典型开发者和慢速开发者相比，早起步者表现出更高的创伤暴露水平，而慢速开发者则表现出最少的创伤暴露。遭受创伤较多的青少年在12-14岁时出现内化症状的风险增加，这种关联是由9-10岁时较高的青春期状态介导的，而不是由更快的青春期节奏介导的。结论：从儿童期晚期到青春期早期，青春期发育加速，其特征是发病年龄较早，但青春期发育速度不加快，这可能是儿童期创伤暴露增加女性青年内化症状风险的机制。

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来源期刊

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.