Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage and risk factors among individuals with disabilities

IF 3.3 2区医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Disability and Health Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1016/j.dhjo.2025.101817

HeeKyoung Choi , Boyoung Jeon , Euna Han

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Abstract

Background

Vaccination is a crucial strategy in responding to infectious diseases. We investigated the COVID-19 vaccination coverage among people with disabilities compared to people without disabilities. We identified risk factors of under-vaccination and vulnerable subgroups.

Objectives

To assess COVID-19 vaccination coverage in individuals with disabilities compared with individuals without disabilities and identify risk factors for under-vaccination.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analysed the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service (K-COV-N) cohort, which registered adults with disabilities in 2020 and age and sex-matched individuals without disabilities were included. Vaccination records from the rollout through March 31, 2022 were analysed. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were employed.

Results

This study included 4,811,866 participants after exclusions. Within the same disability type, individuals with severe disabilities had higher non-vaccination rates than those with mild disabilities. Individuals with pulmonary, brain and cardiac disabilities exhibited higher age-standardized non-vaccination rates (16.7 %, 15.1 % and 12.5 %, respectively). individuals with disabilities were more likely to be under-vaccinated than those without disabilities, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.01 (95 % CI 1.01–1.02). Females consistently exhibited a higher likelihood of non-vaccination in all subgroups. The impact of age differed based on the disability subgroups. The likelihood of under-vaccination was low in employee-insured individuals.

Conclusions

Individuals with disabilities were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccination compared with those without disabilities and variations were observed by disability types. Tailored strategies considering identified risk factors are required to ensure equal vaccination access for individuals with disabilities in future pandemics.

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残疾人中COVID-19疫苗覆盖率和风险因素的差异。

背景：疫苗接种是应对传染病的关键策略。我们调查了残疾人与非残疾人的COVID-19疫苗接种覆盖率。我们确定了疫苗接种不足和易感亚群的危险因素。目的：评估残疾人与非残疾人的COVID-19疫苗接种覆盖率，并确定疫苗接种不足的危险因素。方法：本横断面研究分析了韩国疾病预防控制院- covid -19国民健康保险服务（K-COV-N）队列，该队列包括2020年登记的成年残疾人和年龄和性别匹配的非残疾人。分析了从推出到2022年3月31日的疫苗接种记录。采用多变量有序逻辑回归模型。结果：本研究排除后纳入4,811,866名受试者。在相同的残疾类型中，重度残疾个体的非疫苗接种率高于轻度残疾个体。肺、脑和心脏残疾个体表现出更高的年龄标准化非疫苗接种率（分别为16.7%、15.1%和12.5%）。残疾人比非残疾人更有可能接种疫苗不足，调整后的优势比（aOR）为1.01 （95% CI 1.01-1.02）。在所有亚组中，女性始终表现出较高的不接种疫苗的可能性。年龄的影响因残疾亚组而异。在雇员投保的个人中，疫苗接种不足的可能性很低。结论：与非残疾人相比，残疾人接种COVID-19疫苗的可能性较低，且残疾类型存在差异。需要考虑已确定的风险因素制定量身定制的战略，以确保在未来的大流行中残疾人能够平等获得疫苗接种。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Disability and Health Journal HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

6.70%

发文量

134

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Disability and Health Journal is a scientific, scholarly, and multidisciplinary journal for reporting original contributions that advance knowledge in disability and health. Topics may be related to global health, quality of life, and specific health conditions as they relate to disability. Such contributions include: • Reports of empirical research on the characteristics of persons with disabilities, environment, health outcomes, and determinants of health • Reports of empirical research on the Systematic or other evidence-based reviews and tightly conceived theoretical interpretations of research literature • Reports of empirical research on the Evaluative research on new interventions, technologies, and programs • Reports of empirical research on the Reports on issues or policies affecting the health and/or quality of life for persons with disabilities, using a scientific base.