Mechanism, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on the leaching of Mo, Fe, and Zn oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dusts using choline chloride/fructose deep eutectic solvent (DES)
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Abstract
In the present study, the mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamics of the dissolution of Mo, Zn, and Fe oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dust in a choline chloride/fructose Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) with the mole ratio of 1:1 were investigated. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the dissolution of metal oxides in DESs, and the most probable mechanism was studied. Water was also added to reduce the viscosity (in 10:1 mol ratio of water to DES). Therefore, leaching in pure water was investigated to obtain the mole ratios of dissolved metals to water. The kinetic studies indicated the process was a diffusion-controlled mechanism, while the high apparent activation energy values for Mo and Fe were due to multi-stage complex formation and distortion of ligand geometry. The proposed mechanism for iron complexation reaction was confirmed because of the similarity in calculated and reported equilibrium constants (Keq). This method was used to calculate the Keq, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° for molybdenum complexation mechanism. It was concluded that, in the presence of Fe3+ ions, Zn did not participate in the complexation reaction because DES did not increase Zn extraction. XRD analysis was performed to determine the phases in the dust sample. XPS and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of Mo-fructose complexes in the leaching residues. FTIR analysis of the leaching residues showed the disappearance of MoO bonds in MoO3 due to leaching, and the appearance of bridging bonds (MoOMo) related to Mo-fructose complexes.
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