Mechanism, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on the leaching of Mo, Fe, and Zn oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dusts using choline chloride/fructose deep eutectic solvent (DES)
{"title":"Mechanism, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on the leaching of Mo, Fe, and Zn oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dusts using choline chloride/fructose deep eutectic solvent (DES)","authors":"Mahdi Sadigh, Mahdi Gharabaghi, Sied Ziaedin Shafaei Tonkaboni","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127266","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamics of the dissolution of Mo, Zn, and Fe oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dust in a choline chloride/fructose Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) with the mole ratio of 1:1 were investigated. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the dissolution of metal oxides in DESs, and the most probable mechanism was studied. Water was also added to reduce the viscosity (in 10:1 mol ratio of water to DES). Therefore, leaching in pure water was investigated to obtain the mole ratios of dissolved metals to water. The kinetic studies indicated the process was a diffusion-controlled mechanism, while the high apparent activation energy values for Mo and Fe were due to multi-stage complex formation and distortion of ligand geometry. The proposed mechanism for iron complexation reaction was confirmed because of the similarity in calculated and reported equilibrium constants (K<sub>eq</sub>). This method was used to calculate the K<sub>eq</sub>, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° for molybdenum complexation mechanism. It was concluded that, in the presence of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions, Zn did not participate in the complexation reaction because DES did not increase Zn extraction. XRD analysis was performed to determine the phases in the dust sample. XPS and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of Mo-fructose complexes in the leaching residues. FTIR analysis of the leaching residues showed the disappearance of Mo<img>O bonds in MoO<sub>3</sub> due to leaching, and the appearance of bridging bonds (Mo<img>O<img>Mo) related to Mo-fructose complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"425 ","pages":"Article 127266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732225004337","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the present study, the mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamics of the dissolution of Mo, Zn, and Fe oxides from ferromolybdenum furnace dust in a choline chloride/fructose Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) with the mole ratio of 1:1 were investigated. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the dissolution of metal oxides in DESs, and the most probable mechanism was studied. Water was also added to reduce the viscosity (in 10:1 mol ratio of water to DES). Therefore, leaching in pure water was investigated to obtain the mole ratios of dissolved metals to water. The kinetic studies indicated the process was a diffusion-controlled mechanism, while the high apparent activation energy values for Mo and Fe were due to multi-stage complex formation and distortion of ligand geometry. The proposed mechanism for iron complexation reaction was confirmed because of the similarity in calculated and reported equilibrium constants (Keq). This method was used to calculate the Keq, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° for molybdenum complexation mechanism. It was concluded that, in the presence of Fe3+ ions, Zn did not participate in the complexation reaction because DES did not increase Zn extraction. XRD analysis was performed to determine the phases in the dust sample. XPS and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of Mo-fructose complexes in the leaching residues. FTIR analysis of the leaching residues showed the disappearance of MoO bonds in MoO3 due to leaching, and the appearance of bridging bonds (MoOMo) related to Mo-fructose complexes.
期刊介绍：
The journal includes papers in the following areas:
– Simple organic liquids and mixtures
– Ionic liquids
– Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces
– Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles
– Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals
– Ferrofluids
– Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids
– Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts
– Molten metals and salts
– Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids
– Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution
The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include:
– Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.)
– Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.)
– Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.)
– Dielectric relaxation
– X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction.
Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
