Topotactic synthesis of shape-tuned MoS2 nanorods as self-template interfacial ensemble-induced catalysis towards degradation of organic pollutants

Abstract

The extensive use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry has resulted in significant water contamination, prompting the need for effective remediation strategies. Rhodamine B (Rh B), a persistent dye known for its stability and toxicity, poses environmental and human health risks. In response, this study investigates catalytic degradation as a promising solution, with MoS₂ nanoparticles demonstrating exceptional performance. Synthesized MoS₂ nanorods with a porous structure were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and its enhanced catalytic activity for the degradation of Rh B. X-ray diffraction confirms the hexagonal crystalline structure of MoS₂, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals its Mo⁴⁺ oxidation state, contributing to its catalytic activity. Catalytic degradation experiments reveal MoS₂'s superior catalytic efficiency and it was determined to be 96.8 % in 45 min. Recyclability studies affirm MoS₂'s stability over six cycles, indicating its practical applicability for wastewater treatment. The intermediates formed were identified with the help of GC/MS analysis and elucidates the Rh B degradation pathway. ECOSAR analysis further supports the environmental benefits of catalytic degradation, showing the conversion of Rh B into less harmful compounds. The intermediates formed were non-toxic to algae, daphnia and fish. The novelty lies on the remarkable catalytic efficiency of porous MoS₂ nanorods in degrading persistent synthetic dyes like Rh B, offering a sustainable solution for textile wastewater treatment. Their excellent recyclability and minimal environmental impact make them a promising candidate for addressing water contamination challenges. By converting harmful dyes into non-toxic compounds, MoS₂ paves the way for more eco-friendly and efficient remediation strategies in industries relying on synthetic dyes.