Conversion disorder in adolescence: Detailed report of a clinical case

Abstract

Introduction

Conversion disorder, or functional neurological disorder, is a complex condition characterized by neurological symptoms without an underlying organic medical cause. This paper presents a clinical case analysis of a 15-year-old female adolescent diagnosed with conversion disorder.

Objective

To detail the psychobiological, social, and environmental factors that contribute to the appearance of symptoms, as well as to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies applied.

Method

This is an observational study focused on the case report of a female teenager hospitalized in Quito, Ecuador. The inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of conversion disorder and informed consent and assent from the patient and her parents. Data were collected through medical history recording. No statistical analysis was required due to the descriptive nature of the study.

Results

The patient was evaluated for hyporexia, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and significant psychomotor regression. During her hospitalization, she exhibited sporadic and violent movements of her upper extremities, along with episodes of disconnection from her surroundings. The examinations performed, including electroencephalogram, computed tomography, and brain MRI, did not reveal structural abnormalities or epileptiform activity. The diagnosis of conversion disorder was confirmed according to DSM-5 criteria, ruling out other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Treatment included pharmacological therapy along with behavioral and family therapy. The inclusion of the mother in therapy sessions contributed to significant improvement, reflected in the decrease in suicidal risk and the reduction of behavioral alterations.

Discussion and conclusion

This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and comprehensive management in the treatment of conversion disorder in adolescents, the value of multidisciplinary intervention, and the crucial role of family involvement in recovery.