Current developments and trends in hybrid extraction techniques for green analytical applications in natural products

Abstract

Natural product extraction has advanced significantly due to the growing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable analytical techniques. The medicinal benefits of natural products are gaining worldwide recognition. This shift emphasizes the need for sustainable extraction methods, as traditional organic solvents can negatively impact biodiversity. This review looks at new green extraction methods such as pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The overview describes the main goals, workings, and extraction principles of these techniques, which are used to extract phytochemicals from various plant sources. Additionally covered is how green solvents, more especially bio-based and deep eutectic solvents, can enhance the sustainability of these techniques. This review examines the developments in synergistic extraction, emphasizing how these hybrid techniques can be used to isolate a variety of natural products, including polyphenols, alkaloids, essential oils, and more. It also emphasizes how crucial these techniques are to the development of high-performance, environmentally friendly analytical platforms for the use of natural products. The recent uses of these extraction techniques are covered in this review. Despite the positive results, standardization, selectivity, scalability, and economic viability issues must be recognized and addressed.