Prevalence of pediatric and adolescent epilepsy in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, with a large proportion of cases emerging in childhood. Many children with epilepsy in low and middle-income countries, such as India, encounter obstacles to care despite effective treatments, which add to the treatment gap.

Methodology

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus and Shodhganga databases were searched for studies on epilepsy prevalence in pediatric and adolescent groups aged 0 to 19 years in India. Eligible studies were identified, and data were collected and synthesised using random-effect models. Geographic zones and gender were used to conduct subgroup analysis.

Results

Thirteen community-based studies with seventeen datasets satisfied the inclusion requirements. The overall pooled prevalence of paediatric and adolescent epilepsy in India is 0.8 % (95 % CI: 0.6 %, 1.0 %). Significant variation was found among Indian zones according to subgroup analysis, with the Central zone showing the lowest prevalence (0.4 %) and the North–Eastern zone showing the highest prevalence (2.3 %). A Doi plot revealed major asymmetry with an LFK index of 4.24, indicating publication bias and small study effects. The studies had a high degree of heterogeneity (I² = 93 %).

Conclusion

In India, epilepsy affects a large number of children and families, posing a significant public health burden. Effective management requires age-specific strategies for specialised interventions and full support services. This study underscores the necessity of improving healthcare access and addressing the treatment gap for children with epilepsy in India.