Fe3O4-Supported Triazine-Palladium(0): An Efficient and Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura and Denitrogenative Cross‑Coupling

Abstract

In the present work, a new magnetic nanoparticle-supported triazine-based palladium(0) (Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd) was prepared by a facile multistep synthesis employing cost-effective chemicals. The Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd nanomagnetic catalyst was characterized by various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The nitrogen atoms contained on the triazine moiety primarily serve as the anchoring sites for the Pd nanoparticles, which are produced through polyol reduction. The synthesized nanomagnetic catalyst Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and denitrogenative cross-coupling reactions under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Due to its magnetic nature, the recovery of the Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd was easy with an external magnet, and it showed good activity till ten recycles with no substantial decrease of activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and till five recycles in denitrogenative cross-coupling reactions. The Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd nanocatalyst can be further investigated due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and great catalytic activity in a variety of cross-coupling reactions.

Graphical Abstract