4D-BiTK: Beam Shifting Yagi–Uda Antenna Design for Dynamic 6G Applications

Abstract

With the rapid progress of 6G wireless communication, there is a new need for innovative antenna designs with the same set of demands about high-speed, low-latency, and energy-efficient connectivity. Traditional antennas fail to meet these demands by providing a limited number of prescribed beam-steering directions, having relatively low data rates, and suffering from significant interference. We developed a 4D-BiTK: BeamShift Yagi–Uda antenna to resolve these difficulties, offering a pattern reconfigurable antenna solution with exceptional flexibility using graphene technology at terahertz frequencies. The hybrid graphene-metal structure of the antenna is incorporated, which leads to real-time optimization of the direction of the beam, front-to-back (FEB) ratio, and the resonance frequency. In addition, we include a Bifurcated Temporal Convolutional Network with a Bimodal Kookaburra Optimization algorithm for further enhancing beam steering and pattern reconfigurability. The 4D-BiTK: BeamShift antenna has an 85% radiation efficiency, a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 89%, a 16-dB FEB ratio, and a peak gain of 12.5 dB. Thus, these values transparently present its capability in terms of suitability for future 6G networks, such precision in beam steering, energy efficiency, and overall signal quality.