The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic syndrome risk factors; A comprehensive review

Abstract

Background

Flax (also called Linum Usitatissimum) is a flowering plant with tiny seeds that are rich in fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic acids, and phytoestrogens. Recent studies have investigated the health benefits of flaxseed supplementation because of its components and antioxidant capacity. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multi-factorial disorder associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. The present comprehensive review aims to summarize the effect of flaxseed supplementation on MetS.

Results

Flaxseed supplementation has positive effects on different health markers associated with MetS. It was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, and total body fat. Additionally, flaxseed supplementation reduces blood pressure (BP) by improving vasodilation. In terms of lipid profile, it attenuates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Flaxseed supplementation can also improve glycemic indices, such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of flaxseeds improve oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, while increasing anti-inflammatory markers.

Conclusion

Flaxseed supplementation may improve MetS by affecting anthropometric indices, BP, lipid profile, glycemic indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers.