Impact of functional level on cognitive function in adults aged 45 and older than 45 years in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Australasian Journal on Ageing Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.1111/ajag.70014

Hyeongsuk Lee, Eunok Park

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the potential factors affecting cognitive function, focusing on the functional level, by utilising longitudinal data from adults aged 45 years and older.

Methods

This was a secondary data analysis using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) covering multiple waves of the survey. Cognitive function was measured using the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE), and activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), diseases, hearing and visual impairments, and depression were included as independent variables. A fixed-effects model was used to assess the influence of independent variables on cognitive function over time.

Results

Cognitive function, as measured using the K-MMSE, declined significantly, with the proportion of participants with normal cognition decreasing from 76% in the first wave to 68% in the eighth wave. Cognitive impairment and suspected dementia cases increased over time, and the average K-MMSE score dropped from 25.44 ± 5.31 to 24.71 ± 5.56. Panel regression analysis showed that impairments in ADL (b = −.44, p < .001) and IADL (b = −.64, p < .001), depression, and hearing and visual impairments were significantly associated with lower cognitive function. In addition, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, psychiatric diseases and arthritis were significantly associated with cognitive decline. After adjusting for these factors, cognitive function still decreased significantly over time, explaining 75% of the variance in K-MMSE scores (R² = .75).

Conclusions

This study confirmed that IADL and ADL predict cognitive impairment, with IADL limitation significantly contributing to cognitive decline in the study participants. Evaluating IADL, ADL, and other chronic health conditions in adults aged 45 and older can help identify individuals at risk for cognitive impairment.

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来源期刊

Australasian Journal on Ageing 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

6.20%

发文量

114

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Australasian Journal on Ageing is a peer reviewed journal, which publishes original work in any area of gerontology and geriatric medicine. It welcomes international submissions, particularly from authors in the Asia Pacific region.