In-vitro, In-vivo and Molecular Docking Studies on Dietary Supplement Containing Polar and Non-Polar fractions of Persea Americana for Management of Diet-related Chronic Diseases.

Abstract

Background: Diet-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases and cancer, are largely preventable with a healthy diet and lifestyle. Therefore, searching for dietary supplements rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals for the prevention and/or management of diet-related chronic diseases is an important strategy for controlling these diseases to reduce healthcare costs and sustain development.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to prepare dietary supplements from avocado fruit pulp [AFPDS] and evaluate their potential against various diet-related chronic diseases through in-vitro, in-vivo, and molecular docking studies.

Methods: Volatile compounds of avocado pulp were evaluated, and the total phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterols profiles of the AFPDS were determined.

Results: D-limonene, methyl propanoate, isobutyl propanoate and pentanol were the principal volatile compounds in the avocado pulp. Total phenolic and flavonoids were present in the AFPDS by 9.65 mg GAE/g and 6.87 mg CE/g, respectively. Chlorogenic acid and cinnamic acid were the major and minor identified phenolic compounds in AFPDS, respectively. Oleic acid [75.06%] and β-Sitosterol [2.19%] were the highest fatty acid and phytosterol present in AFPDS, respectively. AFPDS recorded anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide [NO] production in RAW264.7 macrophages by 98.2μg/ml [IC50] and 164.8μg/ml [IC90]. AFPDS showed significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. AFPDS showed antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS by 8.67 mg TE/g and 6.14 mg TE/g. AFPDS possessed anti-cancer activity against MCF7 and HPG2 at10.8μg/ml and 40.5μg/ml, respectively. AFPDS exhibited anti-diabetic activity as an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by26.35±0.77μg/ml and 0.55±0.163mg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed high binding affinity of different active compounds present in AFPDS with cyclooxygenase- 2, glutathione peroxidase, α-glucosidase and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large proteins.

Conclusion: AFPDS can be considered a new agent for the prevention and treatment of dietrelated chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-diabetic activities, as demonstrated through in-vivo, in-vitro, and molecular docking studies.