The Role of Negative Symptoms on the Continuum of Psychosis Risk as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Personality and Functioning in Individuals With Psychotic-Like Experiences

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Early Intervention in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI:10.1111/eip.70027

Dawid Kruk, Łukasz Gawęda, Aleksandra Arciszewska-Leszczuk, Aneta Kalisz, Piotr Błądziński, Dorota Frydecka, Andrzej Cechnicki

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Abstract

Aim

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may increase the risk of psychosis. Most of the research on PLEs focuses on their positive dimension—for example, hallucinatory-like experiences or delusion-like thoughts. Relatively little is known about the role of PLEs on the continuum of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine whether negative symptoms, both in the experiential and expressive dimensions, could mediate the effects of temperament and character on the level of functioning of individuals with PLEs.

Methods

The study was conducted on 107 healthy young adults with the highest severity of PLEs, selected from a larger sample of 6722 people recruited for another study. Participants were examined using the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory, the Brief Negative Symptom Rating Scale, and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale.

Results

Both functioning and certain personality traits, such as harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness, were more strongly associated with the occurrence of experiential rather than expressive negative symptoms. We have developed four models, in which we have shown that the experiential negative symptoms mediated the impact of the temperament and character traits on socio-occupational functioning. In each model, negative symptoms weakened the direct effect of the personality trait on functioning.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that, like at the other stages of psychosis risk, a constellation of specific temperament and character traits is a risk factor for functional decline, which may be partly explained by the effect of experiential negative symptoms. The study also confirms the different impact of the two domains of negative symptoms on functional outcomes, suggesting the need for developing targeted interventions.

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目的类似精神病的经历（PLEs）可能会增加罹患精神病的风险。关于类精神病体验的研究大多集中在其积极方面--例如，幻觉样体验或妄想样思维。人们对 PLEs 在一系列负面症状中的作用知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨体验和表达两个维度的消极症状是否能调节气质和性格对 PLEs 患者功能水平的影响。研究方法本研究从为另一项研究招募的 6722 个较大样本中挑选出 107 名患有最严重 PLEs 的健康年轻人。研究人员使用克隆宁格气质和性格量表、简明消极症状评定量表以及社会和职业功能评估量表对参与者进行了检查。研究结果发现，功能和某些人格特质，如趋利避害性、坚持性、自我导向性和合作性，都与体验性而非表达性消极症状的发生有更密切的关系。我们建立了四个模型，在这些模型中，我们证明了体验性消极症状是气质和性格特征对社会职业功能影响的中介。在每个模型中，消极症状都削弱了人格特质对功能的直接影响。结论这些研究结果表明，与其他阶段的精神病风险一样，特定气质和性格特征的组合也是功能下降的风险因素，这可能部分是由于经历性消极症状的影响。研究还证实，两个领域的消极症状对功能结果的影响不同，这表明有必要制定有针对性的干预措施。

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来源期刊

Early Intervention in Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

5.00%

发文量

112

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Early Intervention in Psychiatry publishes original research articles and reviews dealing with the early recognition, diagnosis and treatment across the full range of mental and substance use disorders, as well as the underlying epidemiological, biological, psychological and social mechanisms that influence the onset and early course of these disorders. The journal provides comprehensive coverage of early intervention for the full range of psychiatric disorders and mental health problems, including schizophrenia and other psychoses, mood and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders and personality disorders. Papers in any of the following fields are considered: diagnostic issues, psychopathology, clinical epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatments and other forms of intervention, clinical trials, health services and economic research and mental health policy. Special features are also published, including hypotheses, controversies and snapshots of innovative service models.