Organizing principles underlying COPII-mediated transport

Abstract

The early secretory pathway governs the transport of thousands of secreted and transmembrane proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to juxtaposed ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartments (ERGIC). This process is largely directed by Coat Protein complex II (COPII), which accumulates on distinct, ribosome-free ER subdomains (transitional ER) to generate highly curved transport intermediates of various sizes and shapes. The rate of secretory flux from the ER can vary significantly, depending on cell type, environmental cues, and other factors, but the mechanisms that regulate COPII-mediated trafficking have been slow to emerge. Here, we focus on recent progress that has contributed to our understanding of how the early secretory pathway is structured to facilitate the export of cargoes from the ER into a chasm approximately 300–500-nm in size, prior to fusion with ERGIC membranes without the aid of cytoskeletal elements to guide their journey.