Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102443
Heather E. Rizzo , Andy L. Zhang , Margaret L. Gardel
Cell size regulation arises from physical manifestations of cell proliferation and metabolic pathways. On one hand, coordination between these systems yields a constant cell size over generations to maintain cell size homeostasis. However, active regulation of cell size is crucial to physiology and to establish broad variation of cell sizes within an individual organism, and is accomplished via physical and biochemical pathways modulated by myriad intrinsic and extrinsic cues. In this review, we explore recent data elucidating the mechanobiological regulation of the volume of animal cells and its coordination with metabolic and proliferative pathways.
{"title":"Mechanochemical control systems regulating animal cell size","authors":"Heather E. Rizzo , Andy L. Zhang , Margaret L. Gardel","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell size regulation arises from physical manifestations of cell proliferation and metabolic pathways. On one hand, coordination between these systems yields a constant cell size over generations to maintain cell size homeostasis. However, active regulation of cell size is crucial to physiology and to establish broad variation of cell sizes within an individual organism, and is accomplished via physical and biochemical pathways modulated by myriad intrinsic and extrinsic cues. In this review, we explore recent data elucidating the mechanobiological regulation of the volume of animal cells and its coordination with metabolic and proliferative pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102443"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102442
Janik N. Schampera, Carsten Schwan
Septins are involved in many important cellular processes, and septin dysfunction has been implicated in various pathologies, such as cancer. Like other components of the cytoskeleton -F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-septins can self-assemble into filaments and higher-order structures. These non-polar filaments are assembled from complex and variable multimeric building blocks. Septins exhibit a distinct preference for interacting with actin and microtubule structures, particularly at the interface with cellular membrane. Although they are crucial for many vital cellular functions and are frequently observed at prominent cellular structures like stress fibers, cilia, and neuronal processes, our understanding of the regulation of septin filament dynamics and the organized assembly of higher-order structures remains limited. However, recent insights into the architecture of septin filaments, the structure of crucial septin domains, and their interactions with other cellular components (F-actin, microtubules, membranes) and regulatory proteins may now pave the way for rapid progress.
{"title":"Septin dynamics and organization in mammalian cells","authors":"Janik N. Schampera, Carsten Schwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Septins are involved in many important cellular processes, and septin dysfunction has been implicated in various pathologies, such as cancer. Like other components of the cytoskeleton -F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-septins can self-assemble into filaments and higher-order structures. These non-polar filaments are assembled from complex and variable multimeric building blocks. Septins exhibit a distinct preference for interacting with actin and microtubule structures, particularly at the interface with cellular membrane. Although they are crucial for many vital cellular functions and are frequently observed at prominent cellular structures like stress fibers, cilia, and neuronal processes, our understanding of the regulation of septin filament dynamics and the organized assembly of higher-order structures remains limited. However, recent insights into the architecture of septin filaments, the structure of crucial septin domains, and their interactions with other cellular components (F-actin, microtubules, membranes) and regulatory proteins may now pave the way for rapid progress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102435
Negar Balaghi , Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
As animals develop, molecules, cells, and cell ensembles move in beautifully orchestrated choreographies. Movement at each of these scales requires generation of mechanical force. In eukaryotic cells, the actomyosin cytoskeleton generates mechanical forces. Continuous advances in in vivo microscopy have enabled visualization and quantitative assessment of actomyosin dynamics and force generation, within and across cells, in living embryos. Recent studies reveal that actomyosin networks can form periodic waves in vivo. Here, we highlight contributions of actomyosin waves to molecular transport, cell movement, and cell coordination in developing embryos.
{"title":"Waves of change: Dynamic actomyosin networks in embryonic development","authors":"Negar Balaghi , Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As animals develop, molecules, cells, and cell ensembles move in beautifully orchestrated choreographies. Movement at each of these scales requires generation of mechanical force. In eukaryotic cells, the actomyosin cytoskeleton generates mechanical forces. Continuous advances in <em>in vivo</em> microscopy have enabled visualization and quantitative assessment of actomyosin dynamics and force generation, within and across cells, in living embryos. Recent studies reveal that actomyosin networks can form periodic waves <em>in vivo</em>. Here, we highlight contributions of actomyosin waves to molecular transport, cell movement, and cell coordination in developing embryos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102436
Guofeng Zhang , Thomas Ott
Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide the host-controlled path for the bacteria through the multilayered root tissue to reach a newly developing organ, the root nodule. On this way, bacteria have to propagate transcellularly and thus overcome cell wall barriers. This process not only requires continuous molecular surveillance of the invading microbe but also structural adaptations of the extracellular matrix components in a spatially confined manner leading to the formation of a novel compartment that we term the “transcellular passage cleft” (TPC). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and signaling events around the TPC and propose a step-wise model for TPC formation.
{"title":"Cellular morphodynamics and signaling around the transcellular passage cleft during rhizobial infections of legume roots","authors":"Guofeng Zhang , Thomas Ott","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide the host-controlled path for the bacteria through the multilayered root tissue to reach a newly developing organ, the root nodule. On this way, bacteria have to propagate transcellularly and thus overcome cell wall barriers. This process not only requires continuous molecular surveillance of the invading microbe but also structural adaptations of the extracellular matrix components in a spatially confined manner leading to the formation of a novel compartment that we term the “transcellular passage cleft” (TPC). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and signaling events around the TPC and propose a step-wise model for TPC formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102441
Stephan Huveneers , Li-Kun Phng
The efficient distribution of oxygen and metabolites is critical for embryonic development and growth as well as tissue homeostasis. This is achieved by endothelial cells forming and maintaining a closed, circulatory network of tubular blood vessels. Endothelial cells are highly plastic cells with the capability to generate diverse dynamic responses at different stages of vessel development in order to build vessel networks of tissue-specific patterns and morphologies. In this review, we discuss new conceptual advances gained from in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis on the control of endothelial cell dynamics. We highlight the complex interplay between mechanical cues, actin cytoskeleton and endothelial behaviors, and the emerging importance of hydrostatic pressure in complementing actin-dependent mechanisms to regulate endothelial cell mechanics and angiogenesis. Understanding these processes provides insights into vascular repair and regeneration mechanisms.
{"title":"Endothelial cell mechanics and dynamics in angiogenesis","authors":"Stephan Huveneers , Li-Kun Phng","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient distribution of oxygen and metabolites is critical for embryonic development and growth as well as tissue homeostasis. This is achieved by endothelial cells forming and maintaining a closed, circulatory network of tubular blood vessels. Endothelial cells are highly plastic cells with the capability to generate diverse dynamic responses at different stages of vessel development in order to build vessel networks of tissue-specific patterns and morphologies. In this review, we discuss new conceptual advances gained from <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models of angiogenesis on the control of endothelial cell dynamics. We highlight the complex interplay between mechanical cues, actin cytoskeleton and endothelial behaviors, and the emerging importance of hydrostatic pressure in complementing actin-dependent mechanisms to regulate endothelial cell mechanics and angiogenesis. Understanding these processes provides insights into vascular repair and regeneration mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102441"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102437
Eftychia Kyriacou, Joachim Lingner
TERRA long noncoding RNAs play key roles in telomere function and maintenance. They can orchestrate telomeric chromatin remodeling, regulate telomere maintenance by telomerase and homology-directed repair, and they participate in the telomeric DNA damage response. TERRA associates with chromosome ends through base-pairing forming R-loops, which are mediated by the RAD51 DNA recombinase and its partner RAD51AP1. Telomeric R-loops interfere with replication fork progression, stimulating a switch of telomere maintenance from semiconservative DNA replication to homology-directed repair (HDR). The latter mechanism is exploited by a subset of cancer cells that lack telomerase, referred to as ALT. In addition, TERRA stimulates HDR at short telomeres during aging, delaying cellular senescence. During carcinogenesis, when cells with eroded telomeres enter replicative crisis, TERRA acts as a signaling molecule to mediate autophagic cell death.
TERRA长非编码RNA在端粒的功能和维护中发挥着关键作用。它们可以协调端粒染色质重塑，通过端粒酶和同源定向修复来调节端粒的维持，并参与端粒DNA损伤反应。TERRA通过碱基配对与染色体末端结合形成R环，这是由RAD51 DNA重组酶及其伙伴RAD51AP1介导的。端粒 R 环干扰复制叉的进行，刺激端粒维护从半保守 DNA 复制转向同源定向修复（HDR）。后一种机制被缺乏端粒酶的癌细胞亚群（称为 ALT）所利用。此外，TERRA 还能在衰老过程中刺激短端粒的 HDR，延缓细胞衰老。在癌变过程中，当端粒被侵蚀的细胞进入复制危机时，TERRA作为一种信号分子介导自噬细胞死亡。
{"title":"TERRA long noncoding RNA: At the interphase of telomere damage, rescue and signaling","authors":"Eftychia Kyriacou, Joachim Lingner","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TERRA long noncoding RNAs play key roles in telomere function and maintenance. They can orchestrate telomeric chromatin remodeling, regulate telomere maintenance by telomerase and homology-directed repair, and they participate in the telomeric DNA damage response. TERRA associates with chromosome ends through base-pairing forming R-loops, which are mediated by the RAD51 DNA recombinase and its partner RAD51AP1. Telomeric R-loops interfere with replication fork progression, stimulating a switch of telomere maintenance from semiconservative DNA replication to homology-directed repair (HDR). The latter mechanism is exploited by a subset of cancer cells that lack telomerase, referred to as ALT. In addition, TERRA stimulates HDR at short telomeres during aging, delaying cellular senescence. During carcinogenesis, when cells with eroded telomeres enter replicative crisis, TERRA acts as a signaling molecule to mediate autophagic cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102438
Pankaj Chaturvedi , Andrew S. Belmont
{"title":"Nuclear speckle biology: At the cross-roads of discovery and functional analysis","authors":"Pankaj Chaturvedi , Andrew S. Belmont","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102427
Kaoru Sugimura , Tetsuhisa Otani
Epithelial cells adhere to each other via intercellular junctions that can be classified into bicellular junctions and tricellular contacts (vertices). Epithelial morphogenesis involves cell rearrangement and requires remodeling of bicellular junctions and vertices. Although our understanding of how bicellular junction mechanics drive epithelial morphogenesis has advanced, the mechanisms underlying vertex remodeling during this process have only received attention recently. In this review, we outline recent progress in our understanding of how cells reorganize cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton to trigger the displacement and resolution of cell vertices. We will also discuss how cells achieve the optimal balance between the structural flexibility and stability of their vertices. Finally, we introduce new modeling frameworks designed to analyze mechanics at cell vertices. Integration of live imaging and modeling techniques is providing new insights into the active roles of cell vertices during epithelial morphogenesis.
{"title":"Vertex remodeling during epithelial morphogenesis","authors":"Kaoru Sugimura , Tetsuhisa Otani","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epithelial cells adhere to each other via intercellular junctions that can be classified into bicellular junctions and tricellular contacts (vertices). Epithelial morphogenesis involves cell rearrangement and requires remodeling of bicellular junctions and vertices. Although our understanding of how bicellular junction mechanics drive epithelial morphogenesis has advanced, the mechanisms underlying vertex remodeling during this process have only received attention recently. In this review, we outline recent progress in our understanding of how cells reorganize cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton to trigger the displacement and resolution of cell vertices. We will also discuss how cells achieve the optimal balance between the structural flexibility and stability of their vertices. Finally, we introduce new modeling frameworks designed to analyze mechanics at cell vertices. Integration of live imaging and modeling techniques is providing new insights into the active roles of cell vertices during epithelial morphogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102426
Naoko Imamoto
Nucleocytoplasmic transport is a basic cellular reaction that plays an important role in regulating cell physiology in eukaryotic cells. Here we show that the identification of one nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway led to the notification of intracellular reaction that has not been acknowledged. Hikeshi was originally identified as a nuclear import carrier of heat stress–induced nuclear import of molecular chaperone Hsp70. We now know that Hikeshi mediates nuclear import of Hsp70 at a variety of different cellular conditions, such as at normal conditions, at proteotoxic conditions, during differentiation, and probably more. Recent studies gradually revealed the physiological significances of Hikeshi-mediated nuclear import of Hsp70.
{"title":"Functional analysis of Hikeshi reveals physiological significance of nuclear Hsp70","authors":"Naoko Imamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleocytoplasmic transport is a basic cellular reaction that plays an important role in regulating cell physiology in eukaryotic cells. Here we show that the identification of one nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway led to the notification of intracellular reaction that has not been acknowledged. Hikeshi was originally identified as a nuclear import carrier of heat stress–induced nuclear import of molecular chaperone Hsp70. We now know that Hikeshi mediates nuclear import of Hsp70 at a variety of different cellular conditions, such as at normal conditions, at proteotoxic conditions, during differentiation, and probably more. Recent studies gradually revealed the physiological significances of Hikeshi-mediated nuclear import of Hsp70.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102426"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102423
Carsten Janke, Ohad Medalia
{"title":"Editorial: Modern approaches in cytoskeleton-related topics","authors":"Carsten Janke, Ohad Medalia","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102423"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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