Localized orientation gradients in additively manufactured stainless steel 316H structures

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114860

Selda Nayir , Gerald L. Knapp , Alex Plotkowski , Caleb Massey , John Coleman , Chase Joslin , Fred List III , Peeyush Nandwana

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Abstract

The high solidification rates during additive manufacturing cause highly localized thermal and strain gradients. The effect of these gradients on the evolution of local orientation misorientations within a grain is not well understood. In this study, stainless steel 316H parts were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion using three different energy densities: 43, 71, and 135 J/mm³. Electron backscatter diffraction showed that the maximum misorientations of the grains can be up to 25° along the build direction. Misorientation gradients (RM_g) within grains are process-dependent and can change from 0.036°/μm to 0.015°/μm with increased volumetric energy densities. The characterized misorientation gradients are an indication of the level of dislocations and, to an extent, the plastic deformation resulting from the rapid solidification during laser powder bed fusion.

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增材制造不锈钢316H结构的局部取向梯度

增材制造过程中的高凝固速率导致高度局部化的热梯度和应变梯度。这些梯度对晶粒内部局部取向偏差演变的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，采用三种不同的能量密度：43、71和135 J/mm3，通过激光粉末床熔合制备不锈钢316H零件。电子后向散射衍射表明，晶粒沿构建方向的最大取向偏差可达25°。晶粒内部的取向偏差梯度（RMg）与工艺有关，随着体积能量密度的增加，其变化范围从0.036°/μm到0.015°/μm。所表征的错取向梯度是位错水平的指示，在一定程度上，是激光粉末床熔合过程中快速凝固引起的塑性变形的指示。

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来源期刊

Materials Characterization 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

8.50%

发文量

746

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Materials Characterization features original articles and state-of-the-art reviews on theoretical and practical aspects of the structure and behaviour of materials. The Journal focuses on all characterization techniques, including all forms of microscopy (light, electron, acoustic, etc.,) and analysis (especially microanalysis and surface analytical techniques). Developments in both this wide range of techniques and their application to the quantification of the microstructure of materials are essential facets of the Journal. The Journal provides the Materials Scientist/Engineer with up-to-date information on many types of materials with an underlying theme of explaining the behavior of materials using novel approaches. Materials covered by the journal include: Metals & Alloys Ceramics Nanomaterials Biomedical materials Optical materials Composites Natural Materials.