Materials Characterization最新文献

The effect of W/Cu phase boundary on the evolution of end-of-range dislocation loop induced by He ion irradiation at 773 K

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114996

Huaqing Sang , An Yang , Yifan Zhang , Jing Wang , Qian Zhan , Laima Luo , Yucheng Wu

Dislocation loops, a type of irradiation defect, significantly degrade the mechanical properties of nuclear materials. However, the presence of interfaces can effectively mitigate the accumulation of such defects. In this study, the influence of the W/Cu phase boundary (PB) on the evolution of end-of-range (EOR) dislocation loops was investigated using He ion irradiation at 773 K. A simplified approach utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization of EOR dislocations was proposed to analyze the complex defect behavior. Statistical analysis of EOR dislocation loops revealed that the W/Cu phase interface significantly influences the distribution of dislocation loops. On the W side, a low dislocation density region was observed near the phase boundary, where the proportion of b = 1/2 〈111〉 type dislocations was significantly reduced. On the Cu side, the dislocation loop density near the phase boundary was higher than in regions farther from the interface. Additionally, a similar but slightly lower dislocation density region was observed near the phase boundary. This phenomenon can be attributed to two primary mechanisms: the high sink strength of the phase boundary and the elastodynamic image forces exerted by the interface. The former mechanism dominates defect evolution in W, while both mechanisms collectively influence defect behavior on the Cu side. Observations of irradiation defect evolution near W/Cu PB will enhance the fundamental understanding of damage processes in tungsten‑copper divertors for fusion reactors.

{"title":"The effect of W/Cu phase boundary on the evolution of end-of-range dislocation loop induced by He ion irradiation at 773 K","authors":"Huaqing Sang , An Yang , Yifan Zhang , Jing Wang , Qian Zhan , Laima Luo , Yucheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dislocation loops, a type of irradiation defect, significantly degrade the mechanical properties of nuclear materials. However, the presence of interfaces can effectively mitigate the accumulation of such defects. In this study, the influence of the W/Cu phase boundary (PB) on the evolution of end-of-range (EOR) dislocation loops was investigated using He ion irradiation at 773 K. A simplified approach utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization of EOR dislocations was proposed to analyze the complex defect behavior. Statistical analysis of EOR dislocation loops revealed that the W/Cu phase interface significantly influences the distribution of dislocation loops. On the W side, a low dislocation density region was observed near the phase boundary, where the proportion of b = 1/2 〈111〉 type dislocations was significantly reduced. On the Cu side, the dislocation loop density near the phase boundary was higher than in regions farther from the interface. Additionally, a similar but slightly lower dislocation density region was observed near the phase boundary. This phenomenon can be attributed to two primary mechanisms: the high sink strength of the phase boundary and the elastodynamic image forces exerted by the interface. The former mechanism dominates defect evolution in W, while both mechanisms collectively influence defect behavior on the Cu side. Observations of irradiation defect evolution near W/Cu PB will enhance the fundamental understanding of damage processes in tungsten‑copper divertors for fusion reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connection between stacking fault energy and rolling-texture type in Ni and Ni-W alloys using Schmid factor as bridge

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115001

Yaotang Ji , Hongli Suo , Zili Zhang

The possible connection mechanisms between the stacking fault energy (SFE) and rolling textures of Ni and Ni-W alloys were explored. The study comprised a systematic investigation of pure Ni, Ni-5 at.%W (Ni5W), and Ni-9 at.%W (Ni9W) alloys corresponding to combinations of a high SFE and copper-type texture, medium SFE and transition-type texture, and low SFE and brass-type texture, respectively. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction were used to reveal the evolutions of the textures and microstructures. From the microstructure perspective, the low SFE sample tends to form a larger number of shear bands at the same strain than the high SFE sample, demonstrating that the shear bands play an important role in the formation of brass rolling textures. In addition, from the texture perspective, the low SFE samples have greater numbers of grains with high Schmid factor orientations. Samples with a high Schmid factor orientation have a stronger deformation ability than those with a low Schmid factor orientation (which dominated the low SFE sample). Moreover, grains with low Schmid factors have difficulty deforming, leading to stress concentrations around the grains and the formation of shear bands. This work can help researchers better explore the real reasons for different rolling textures.

{"title":"Connection between stacking fault energy and rolling-texture type in Ni and Ni-W alloys using Schmid factor as bridge","authors":"Yaotang Ji , Hongli Suo , Zili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possible connection mechanisms between the stacking fault energy (SFE) and rolling textures of Ni and Ni-W alloys were explored. The study comprised a systematic investigation of pure Ni, Ni-5 at.%W (Ni5W), and Ni-9 at.%W (Ni9W) alloys corresponding to combinations of a high SFE and copper-type texture, medium SFE and transition-type texture, and low SFE and brass-type texture, respectively. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction were used to reveal the evolutions of the textures and microstructures. From the microstructure perspective, the low SFE sample tends to form a larger number of shear bands at the same strain than the high SFE sample, demonstrating that the shear bands play an important role in the formation of brass rolling textures. In addition, from the texture perspective, the low SFE samples have greater numbers of grains with high Schmid factor orientations. Samples with a high Schmid factor orientation have a stronger deformation ability than those with a low Schmid factor orientation (which dominated the low SFE sample). Moreover, grains with low Schmid factors have difficulty deforming, leading to stress concentrations around the grains and the formation of shear bands. This work can help researchers better explore the real reasons for different rolling textures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of single point incremental forming parameters and forming limit curves prediction for heterostructured aluminum sheets

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114993

Danielle Cristina Camilo Magalhães , Luciana Montanari , Sergio Alberto Elizalde Huitron , Jose Maria Cabrera Marrero , José Benaque Rubert , Sergio Henrique Evangelhista , Andrea Madeira Kliauga

This study explores the formability and fracture behavior of Al-based heterostructured materials (HM) fabricated using Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB) and assessed through Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). The HM sheets, consisting of alternating AA1050 and AA7050 layers, were processed at preheating temperatures of 450 °C and 500 °C. Detailed characterization using SEM, EBSD, and TEM revealed variations in grain size, crystallographic texture, and precipitate distributions between processing temperatures, influencing the strength, hardness and ductility of HM sheets. Tensile tests showed that sheets processed at 500 °C exhibited higher elongation and improved ductility compared to those processed at 450 °C, attributed to changes in size and distribution of precipitates. Forming Limit Curves (FLC) and SPIF experiments demonstrated superior formability at 500 °C, with the HM sheets achieving higher critical wall angles and fracture strains compared to AA7050 layers alone. The results highlighted the influence of ARB to induce microstructural features, including residual stresses and shear strain localization, on the forming behavior of HM sheets. The study underscores the potential of optimizing processing conditions and material compositions to enhance the mechanical performance and manufacturability of HM aluminum sheets.

{"title":"Investigation of single point incremental forming parameters and forming limit curves prediction for heterostructured aluminum sheets","authors":"Danielle Cristina Camilo Magalhães , Luciana Montanari , Sergio Alberto Elizalde Huitron , Jose Maria Cabrera Marrero , José Benaque Rubert , Sergio Henrique Evangelhista , Andrea Madeira Kliauga","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the formability and fracture behavior of Al-based heterostructured materials (HM) fabricated using Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB) and assessed through Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). The HM sheets, consisting of alternating AA1050 and AA7050 layers, were processed at preheating temperatures of 450 °C and 500 °C. Detailed characterization using SEM, EBSD, and TEM revealed variations in grain size, crystallographic texture, and precipitate distributions between processing temperatures, influencing the strength, hardness and ductility of HM sheets. Tensile tests showed that sheets processed at 500 °C exhibited higher elongation and improved ductility compared to those processed at 450 °C, attributed to changes in size and distribution of precipitates. Forming Limit Curves (FLC) and SPIF experiments demonstrated superior formability at 500 °C, with the HM sheets achieving higher critical wall angles and fracture strains compared to AA7050 layers alone. The results highlighted the influence of ARB to induce microstructural features, including residual stresses and shear strain localization, on the forming behavior of HM sheets. The study underscores the potential of optimizing processing conditions and material compositions to enhance the mechanical performance and manufacturability of HM aluminum sheets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving exceptional strength-ductility synergy in a 3D-printed CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy with machine-learning assistance

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114990

Yan Zhu , Yusen Li , Zhongwei Yan , Changhui Song , Jindong Tian , Shaohua Yan

Optimization of processing parameters is of great importance in additive manufacturing (AM) of metal alloys. Conventional trial-and-error approach is time- and cost-consumable, and the optimized parameters are sometimes sub-optimal, leading to the strength and ductility is not desirable. In this work, we employed Gaussian Process Regression machine learning (ML) to quickly find the optimized parameters for AM of CrCoNi MEA with relative density higher than 99 %. Using the optimized parameters, the additively manufactured CrCoNi MEA exhibited a tensile strength of 743 MPa and ductility of 59.5 %. The combination of the strength and ductility is 44.21GPa%, exceeding that of other CrCoNi MEA fabricated by AM without ML assistance. Such exceptional strength-ductility synergy was attributed to the original microstructures featuring fine grains, high dislocation density, and the deformed microstructural defects of twins, nanoscale network of stacking faults, dislocations, and the interactions between these defects. The method in this work sheds new sights into optimization of AM processing parameters and producing metal alloys with great strength-ductility synergy.

{"title":"Achieving exceptional strength-ductility synergy in a 3D-printed CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy with machine-learning assistance","authors":"Yan Zhu , Yusen Li , Zhongwei Yan , Changhui Song , Jindong Tian , Shaohua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimization of processing parameters is of great importance in additive manufacturing (AM) of metal alloys. Conventional trial-and-error approach is time- and cost-consumable, and the optimized parameters are sometimes sub-optimal, leading to the strength and ductility is not desirable. In this work, we employed Gaussian Process Regression machine learning (ML) to quickly find the optimized parameters for AM of CrCoNi MEA with relative density higher than 99 %. Using the optimized parameters, the additively manufactured CrCoNi MEA exhibited a tensile strength of 743 MPa and ductility of 59.5 %. The combination of the strength and ductility is 44.21GPa%, exceeding that of other CrCoNi MEA fabricated by AM without ML assistance. Such exceptional strength-ductility synergy was attributed to the original microstructures featuring fine grains, high dislocation density, and the deformed microstructural defects of twins, nanoscale network of stacking faults, dislocations, and the interactions between these defects. The method in this work sheds new sights into optimization of AM processing parameters and producing metal alloys with great strength-ductility synergy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid unidirectional growth of electronic micro-intermetallic interconnects with prismatic grains

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114958

Ye Tian , Rubin Yan , Yuejun Li , Zhongyu Liu , Waqas Saeed , Xing Chen , Wei Liu , Zhiwen Chen

As conventional solder interconnects continuously downsize to less than 20 μm in three-dimensional integrated circuits, the rapid fabrication of reliable micro-intermetallic interconnects in chip stacking has become a critical concern. A temperature gradient (TG) process was investigated to fabricate micro-intermetallic interconnect. The results showed that the resulting interconnect consists of single prismatic Cu₆Sn₅ grains surrounded by Sn solder within only 7 min, which is nearly 7 times faster than the conventional SLID process. The contained Cu₆Sn₅ grains and Sn grains exhibited highly preferred orientations, indicating a unidirectional formation of the interconnect and thereby achieving controllable properties. The mechanisms of this unidirectional growth were elucidated and experimentally verified. The properties were examined to demonstrate desirable features including high mechanical strength and low electronic resistance. Furthermore, the soft Sn solder surrounding Cu₆Sn₅ grains may enhance the interconnects resistance against brittle fracture under mechanical shock conditions. The TG process and resulting oriented micro-intermetallic interconnects offer a promising solution for next-generation chip stacking.

{"title":"Rapid unidirectional growth of electronic micro-intermetallic interconnects with prismatic grains","authors":"Ye Tian , Rubin Yan , Yuejun Li , Zhongyu Liu , Waqas Saeed , Xing Chen , Wei Liu , Zhiwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As conventional solder interconnects continuously downsize to less than 20 μm in three-dimensional integrated circuits, the rapid fabrication of reliable micro-intermetallic interconnects in chip stacking has become a critical concern. A temperature gradient (TG) process was investigated to fabricate micro-intermetallic interconnect. The results showed that the resulting interconnect consists of single prismatic Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains surrounded by Sn solder within only 7 min, which is nearly 7 times faster than the conventional SLID process. The contained Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains and Sn grains exhibited highly preferred orientations, indicating a unidirectional formation of the interconnect and thereby achieving controllable properties. The mechanisms of this unidirectional growth were elucidated and experimentally verified. The properties were examined to demonstrate desirable features including high mechanical strength and low electronic resistance. Furthermore, the soft Sn solder surrounding Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains may enhance the interconnects resistance against brittle fracture under mechanical shock conditions. The TG process and resulting oriented micro-intermetallic interconnects offer a promising solution for next-generation chip stacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 114958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A robust method of denoising experimental micrographs using deep learning

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114963

Owais Ahmad, Albert Linda, Saumya Ranjan Jha, Somanth Bhowmick

Microstructure imaging is crucial in materials science, but experimental images often introduce noise that obscures critical structural details. This study presents a novel deep learning approach for robust microstructure image denoising, combining phase-field simulations, Fourier transform techniques, and an attention-based neural network. The innovative framework addresses dataset limitations by synthetically generating training data by combining computational phase-field microstructures with experimental optical micrographs. The neural network architecture features an attention mechanism that dynamically focuses on important microstructural features while systematically eliminating noise types like scratches and surface imperfections. Testing on a FeMnNi alloy system demonstrated the model's exceptional performance across multiple magnifications. By successfully removing diverse noise patterns while maintaining grain boundary integrity, the research provides a generalizable deep-learning framework for microstructure image enhancement with broad applicability in materials science.

{"title":"A robust method of denoising experimental micrographs using deep learning","authors":"Owais Ahmad, Albert Linda, Saumya Ranjan Jha, Somanth Bhowmick","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructure imaging is crucial in materials science, but experimental images often introduce noise that obscures critical structural details. This study presents a novel deep learning approach for robust microstructure image denoising, combining phase-field simulations, Fourier transform techniques, and an attention-based neural network. The innovative framework addresses dataset limitations by synthetically generating training data by combining computational phase-field microstructures with experimental optical micrographs. The neural network architecture features an attention mechanism that dynamically focuses on important microstructural features while systematically eliminating noise types like scratches and surface imperfections. Testing on a FeMnNi alloy system demonstrated the model's exceptional performance across multiple magnifications. By successfully removing diverse noise patterns while maintaining grain boundary integrity, the research provides a generalizable deep-learning framework for microstructure image enhancement with broad applicability in materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual heterostructure construction via tailored nanoprecipitates for strength-ductility trade-off in ODS steels

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114983

Zhiqiang Xu , Wei Liu , Shufeng Yang , Hui Zhang , Jun Yan , Jingshe Li

Strength-ductility trade-off is a common issue in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels. Here, by designing oxide nanoparticles, a dual-heterostructure ODS-FeCrAl alloy has been developed to realize the combination of high strength and high ductility. The first level is heterogeneous oxide nanoparticles with different strengthening mechanisms, and the second level is heterogeneous zones with different grain sizes. The designed 0.5Y₂O₃ alloy achieves a perfect combination of ductility and strength at both room and high temperatures (650 °C) compared to a typical low Y₂O₃ ODS alloy (0.25Y₂O₃): nearly 20 % higher ductility at room temperature without any reduction in strength, and nearly 20 % higher ductility at high temperature with nearly 70 % higher strength. The optimal bimodal degree of the 0.5Y₂O₃ alloy and the coexistence of penetrable and impenetrable oxide nanoparticles play a dominant role in the strengthening-toughening effect. As the Y₂O₃ content increases, the fine Y₂Zr₂O₇ and Y₂Ti₂O₇ particles in ODS-FeCrAl alloys gradually transform into coarse, impenetrable YAl composite oxide particles. The beneficial effect of the bimodal structure on ductility is suppressed when the Y₂O₃ content exceeds 0.5 wt%, which is attributed to the premature failure of the ODS-FeCrAl alloy due to debonding of the unusually coarse YAl composite oxide nanoparticles during the deformation process. The effect of oxide nanoparticle properties on the thermal stability of ODS-FeCrAl alloys was also evaluated, and it was shown that the presence of a small fraction (∼26 %) of YAl composite oxide particles does not reduce the thermal stability of ODS-FeCrAl alloys.

{"title":"Dual heterostructure construction via tailored nanoprecipitates for strength-ductility trade-off in ODS steels","authors":"Zhiqiang Xu , Wei Liu , Shufeng Yang , Hui Zhang , Jun Yan , Jingshe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strength-ductility trade-off is a common issue in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels. Here, by designing oxide nanoparticles, a dual-heterostructure ODS-FeCrAl alloy has been developed to realize the combination of high strength and high ductility. The first level is heterogeneous oxide nanoparticles with different strengthening mechanisms, and the second level is heterogeneous zones with different grain sizes. The designed 0.5Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> alloy achieves a perfect combination of ductility and strength at both room and high temperatures (650 °C) compared to a typical low Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ODS alloy (0.25Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>): nearly 20 % higher ductility at room temperature without any reduction in strength, and nearly 20 % higher ductility at high temperature with nearly 70 % higher strength. The optimal bimodal degree of the 0.5Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> alloy and the coexistence of penetrable and impenetrable oxide nanoparticles play a dominant role in the strengthening-toughening effect. As the Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content increases, the fine Y<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> particles in ODS-FeCrAl alloys gradually transform into coarse, impenetrable Y<img>Al composite oxide particles. The beneficial effect of the bimodal structure on ductility is suppressed when the Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content exceeds 0.5 wt%, which is attributed to the premature failure of the ODS-FeCrAl alloy due to debonding of the unusually coarse Y<img>Al composite oxide nanoparticles during the deformation process. The effect of oxide nanoparticle properties on the thermal stability of ODS-FeCrAl alloys was also evaluated, and it was shown that the presence of a small fraction (∼26 %) of Y<img>Al composite oxide particles does not reduce the thermal stability of ODS-FeCrAl alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization for achieving robust metallurgical bonding interfaces in the integrated laser additive manufacturing of extremely property-mismatched materials

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114975

Chao Wei , Zhuang Zhao , Chao Wang , Qingfeng Yin , Xianfeng Shen , Jialin Yang , Guowei Wang , Yu Qin , Jingang Tang , Guomin Le , Yang Yang

High-strength bonded interfaces of additive manufacturing (AM) multi-material structures are usually obtained through extensive trial-and-error experiments, leading to increased manufacturing costs. In this study, a three-way optimization method is proposed based on thermodynamic calculations, which combines joining methods, deposition strategies, and post-heat treatment to achieve robust metallurgical bonding interfaces in the integrated laser additive manufacturing of extremely property-mismatched materials. The integrated forming of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) and Ti6Al4V (TC4) was achieved with Ni-Cr-V interlayers via laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). The introduction of Ni-Cr-V interlayers emerged as a pivotal solution for addressing material compatibility between UHSS and TC4. By optimizing deposition strategies, high-quality UHSS-Ni, NiCr, CrV, and V-TC4 bonded interfaces were obtained without cracks or intermetallics. Furthermore, a customized post-heat treatment significantly enhanced the performance of LDED UHSS-Ni-Cr-V-TC4 sample (UTS: 120.9 MPa → 298.3 MPa), surpassing the UTS of the weakest material, Cr. The 3D-DIC results revealed distinct locations where plastic deformation (V region) and ultimate fracture (Cr region) occurred in the heat-treated sample, presenting a novel phenomenon that sharply contrasts with the behaviors displayed by homogeneous materials such as UHSS and TC4. This disparity primarily arises from the properties of materials (elastic modulus/strength). Finally, strategic approaches for fabricating high-quality AM multi-material structures were discussed. These findings enrich and advance the innovative theory of “material-structure-performance/function integrated laser additive manufacturing”, which holds important reference and guiding significance for the subsequent high-quality forming of other AM multi-material structures.

{"title":"Optimization for achieving robust metallurgical bonding interfaces in the integrated laser additive manufacturing of extremely property-mismatched materials","authors":"Chao Wei , Zhuang Zhao , Chao Wang , Qingfeng Yin , Xianfeng Shen , Jialin Yang , Guowei Wang , Yu Qin , Jingang Tang , Guomin Le , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-strength bonded interfaces of additive manufacturing (AM) multi-material structures are usually obtained through extensive trial-and-error experiments, leading to increased manufacturing costs. In this study, a three-way optimization method is proposed based on thermodynamic calculations, which combines joining methods, deposition strategies, and post-heat treatment to achieve robust metallurgical bonding interfaces in the integrated laser additive manufacturing of extremely property-mismatched materials. The integrated forming of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) and Ti6Al4V (TC4) was achieved with Ni-Cr-V interlayers via laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). The introduction of Ni-Cr-V interlayers emerged as a pivotal solution for addressing material compatibility between UHSS and TC4. By optimizing deposition strategies, high-quality UHSS-Ni, Ni<img>Cr, Cr<img>V, and V-TC4 bonded interfaces were obtained without cracks or intermetallics. Furthermore, a customized post-heat treatment significantly enhanced the performance of LDED UHSS-Ni-Cr-V-TC4 sample (UTS: 120.9 MPa → 298.3 MPa), surpassing the UTS of the weakest material, Cr. The 3D-DIC results revealed distinct locations where plastic deformation (V region) and ultimate fracture (Cr region) occurred in the heat-treated sample, presenting a novel phenomenon that sharply contrasts with the behaviors displayed by homogeneous materials such as UHSS and TC4. This disparity primarily arises from the properties of materials (elastic modulus/strength). Finally, strategic approaches for fabricating high-quality AM multi-material structures were discussed. These findings enrich and advance the innovative theory of “material-structure-performance/function integrated laser additive manufacturing”, which holds important reference and guiding significance for the subsequent high-quality forming of other AM multi-material structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing microstructure, morphology, and mechanical properties of Al-2Fe-1Ni alloy through correlational characterization analysis

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114962

Jaderson Rodrigo da Silva Leal , Felipe Escher Saldanha , Guilherme Lisboa de Gouveia , José Eduardo Spinelli

One approach to addressing the growing demand for Al alloys in an environmentally sustainable manner is through recycling. However, the primary challenge involves mitigating the loss of mechanical properties and expanding the application range of scrap-containing alloys, primarily due to the formation of deleterious Fe-rich intermetallic phases. To tackle this issue, various methodologies have been explored, ranging from the less efficient dilution of scrap in primary Al to the use of elements such as Ni that modify these harmful phases, combined with control of solidification thermal parameters. Despite the potential of this approach, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the formation kinetics of Fe-rich intermetallics under varying thermal conditions and the addition of Ni in Fe-rich Al alloys. This study investigates the Al-2Fe-1Ni alloy solidified at cooling rates of 0.5 K/s and 10.5 K/s using optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, EBSD, XCT, and tensile tests. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Ni in suppressing the formation of the primary Al₁₃Fe₄ intermetallic phase and promoting microstructures predominantly composed of eutectic cells containing Al + Al₉FeNi. The Al₉FeNi fibers within the eutectic cells exhibited morphological variations, with the central segments being more refined and orderly compared to the coarser and less aligned peripheric segments. Furthermore, the microstructural refinement induced by increasing the cooling rate during solidification (from approximately 1 K/s to 8 K/s) resulted in enhanced yield strength (from 88 MPa to 125 MPa) and tensile strength (from 116 MPa to 138 MPa), while maintaining ductility, as evidenced by a consistent fracture strain of approximately 25 %.

{"title":"Assessing microstructure, morphology, and mechanical properties of Al-2Fe-1Ni alloy through correlational characterization analysis","authors":"Jaderson Rodrigo da Silva Leal , Felipe Escher Saldanha , Guilherme Lisboa de Gouveia , José Eduardo Spinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One approach to addressing the growing demand for Al alloys in an environmentally sustainable manner is through recycling. However, the primary challenge involves mitigating the loss of mechanical properties and expanding the application range of scrap-containing alloys, primarily due to the formation of deleterious Fe-rich intermetallic phases. To tackle this issue, various methodologies have been explored, ranging from the less efficient dilution of scrap in primary Al to the use of elements such as Ni that modify these harmful phases, combined with control of solidification thermal parameters. Despite the potential of this approach, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the formation kinetics of Fe-rich intermetallics under varying thermal conditions and the addition of Ni in Fe-rich Al alloys. This study investigates the Al-2Fe-1Ni alloy solidified at cooling rates of 0.5 K/s and 10.5 K/s using optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, EBSD, XCT, and tensile tests. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Ni in suppressing the formation of the primary Al<sub>13</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub> intermetallic phase and promoting microstructures predominantly composed of eutectic cells containing Al + Al<sub>9</sub>FeNi. The Al<sub>9</sub>FeNi fibers within the eutectic cells exhibited morphological variations, with the central segments being more refined and orderly compared to the coarser and less aligned peripheric segments. Furthermore, the microstructural refinement induced by increasing the cooling rate during solidification (from approximately 1 K/s to 8 K/s) resulted in enhanced yield strength (from 88 MPa to 125 MPa) and tensile strength (from 116 MPa to 138 MPa), while maintaining ductility, as evidenced by a consistent fracture strain of approximately 25 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

L12 short-range order microstructure and ordered solid solution model of K-state in NiCrAlFe alloy

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114978

Yamin Li , Shutong Fan , Wentao Liu , Qian Chen , Hongjun Liu

Short-range order (SRO) structures are commonly found in various solid solution alloys such as NiCr, FeAl, medium/high entropy alloys, etc., which significantly affect the mechanical and functional properties of alloys. The K-state in many alloys is a typical inhomogeneous solid solution with SRO. However, the local atomic structure of the K-state is still unclear and the quantitative characterization of the SRO remains a formidable challenge. In this study, the microstructure of the K-state in the NiCrAlFe alloy was characterized by spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, and based on crystallography and elastic distortion theory, three-dimensional reconstruction of the microscopic crystal structure was performed. From the results, the K-state crystal structure model of NiCr alloys is defined as Ni₁₉Cr₁₃, and the occupation of Ni and Cr atoms in short-range ordered solid solutions are clarified. The essence of the K-state is L1₂ SRO arranged along the 〈110〉 direction of the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix. The L1₂ SRO domains with sizes of 1–5 nm are semi-coherent with a FCC matrix through a large number of edge dislocations, and the crystallographic orientation relationship between the FCC matrix and L1₂ SRO domains is

{(100)}_{BCT} / / {(110)}_{FCC}

,

{(100)}_{BCT} / / {(100)}_{FCC}

(BCT = body-centered tetragonal). The “local state” and “defect state” caused by the SRO of the K-state are the fundamental reasons for the change of the physical properties of the NiCrAlFe alloy. The proposed strategy can be generally used to investigate short-range ordering phenomena in different materials with the K-state and medium/high entropy alloys.

{"title":"L12 short-range order microstructure and ordered solid solution model of K-state in NiCrAlFe alloy","authors":"Yamin Li , Shutong Fan , Wentao Liu , Qian Chen , Hongjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-range order (SRO) structures are commonly found in various solid solution alloys such as Ni<img>Cr, Fe<img>Al, medium/high entropy alloys, etc., which significantly affect the mechanical and functional properties of alloys. The K-state in many alloys is a typical inhomogeneous solid solution with SRO. However, the local atomic structure of the K-state is still unclear and the quantitative characterization of the SRO remains a formidable challenge. In this study, the microstructure of the K-state in the NiCrAlFe alloy was characterized by spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, and based on crystallography and elastic distortion theory, three-dimensional reconstruction of the microscopic crystal structure was performed. From the results, the K-state crystal structure model of Ni<img>Cr alloys is defined as Ni<sub>19</sub>Cr<sub>13</sub>, and the occupation of Ni and Cr atoms in short-range ordered solid solutions are clarified. The essence of the K-state is L1<sub>2</sub> SRO arranged along the 〈110〉 direction of the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix. The L1<sub>2</sub> SRO domains with sizes of 1–5 nm are semi-coherent with a FCC matrix through a large number of edge dislocations, and the crystallographic orientation relationship between the FCC matrix and L1<sub>2</sub> SRO domains is <span><math><msub><mfenced><mn>100</mn></mfenced><mi>BCT</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mn>110</mn></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mfenced><mn>100</mn></mfenced><mi>BCT</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mn>100</mn></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span> (BCT = body-centered tetragonal). The “local state” and “defect state” caused by the SRO of the K-state are the fundamental reasons for the change of the physical properties of the NiCrAlFe alloy. The proposed strategy can be generally used to investigate short-range ordering phenomena in different materials with the K-state and medium/high entropy alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0