Optimizing electrochemical removal of perfluorooctanoic acid in landfill leachate using ceramic carbon foam electrodes by coupling CFD simulation and reactor design

Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent and bioaccumulative pollutant classified as a 'forever chemical', poses a global environmental and health risk due to its widespread use and resistance to degradation. The development of effective and efficient removal technologies is crucial to mitigate its long-term impacts. In this study, we present a novel approach to address the growing concern of emerging contaminants, particularly PFOA, in landfill leachate. We investigate the use of ceramic carbon foam electrodes (CCFE) as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional electrode materials for the electrochemical degradation of PFOA. Computed microtomography was used to reconstruct the actual three-dimensional geometries of the samples from which porosities were calculated. We also coupled computational fluid dynamics simulations of the actual geometries and optimized the working conditions to minimize pressure drop and improve treatment efficiency. Our design significantly reduces energy requirements by operating at lower potentials, a critical factor in sustainable waste management practices. The optimized CCFE system demonstrated superior performance in the degradation of PFOA in landfill leachate, offering a promising solution for the treatment of emerging contaminants. This study not only provides a viable method for mitigating the environmental impact of PFOA but also sets a precedent for the development of low-energy, high-efficiency treatment technologies for various persistent pollutants. In addition, the proposed solution, as part of closed-loop water systems, will enhance water reuse and recycling, thereby preserving and regenerating natural water bodies.