Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144258
Gabriel Neves Cezarette , Juliette Esplugas , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Maïté Bueno , Zoyne Pedrero Zayas , Fernando Barbosa Jr
The Amazonian riverside population is one of the most impacted by mercury, interestingly, with distinct selenium values in blood, generally among the highest worldwide. The interaction between Hg and Se remains to be thoroughly investigated and could provide insights into the fate of these elements and the potential for selenium-mediated detoxification. The current study explores the levels of both elements, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in blood, plasma, and urine, of 1089 adult individuals from communities of Tapajós and Amazon River. A large inter-individual variability was found for Hg levels (0.2–139; 0.2–27; 0.1–19 μg Hg.L−1 respectively in blood, plasma, and urine), while Se contents show rather homogenous status in blood (arithmetic mean = 183 ± 78 μg Se.L−1) and plasma (AM = 103 ± 34 μg Se.L−1). Hg content in blood was positively correlated with Hg level in plasma, both increasing with the frequency of fish intake. In contrast, Se levels remained stable in blood regardless of how often fish was consumed. However, a positive correlation was observed between Hg and Se excreted in urine. This work represents the largest human cohort in the region, pioneering the evaluation of the levels of both elements simultaneously in blood, plasma, and urine, laying the foundations for understanding the dynamics of Hg and Se in Amazonian riverside populations.
{"title":"Exploring mercury and selenium dynamics in Amazonian human populations: Insights from urine, blood, and plasma analyses","authors":"Gabriel Neves Cezarette , Juliette Esplugas , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Maïté Bueno , Zoyne Pedrero Zayas , Fernando Barbosa Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Amazonian riverside population is one of the most impacted by mercury, interestingly, with distinct selenium values in blood, generally among the highest worldwide. The interaction between Hg and Se remains to be thoroughly investigated and could provide insights into the fate of these elements and the potential for selenium-mediated detoxification. The current study explores the levels of both elements, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in blood, plasma, and urine, of 1089 adult individuals from communities of Tapajós and Amazon River. A large inter-individual variability was found for Hg levels (0.2–139; 0.2–27; 0.1–19 μg Hg.L<sup>−1</sup> respectively in blood, plasma, and urine), while Se contents show rather homogenous status in blood (arithmetic mean = 183 ± 78 μg Se.L<sup>−1</sup>) and plasma (AM = 103 ± 34 μg Se.L<sup>−1</sup>). Hg content in blood was positively correlated with Hg level in plasma, both increasing with the frequency of fish intake. In contrast, Se levels remained stable in blood regardless of how often fish was consumed. However, a positive correlation was observed between Hg and Se excreted in urine. This work represents the largest human cohort in the region, pioneering the evaluation of the levels of both elements simultaneously in blood, plasma, and urine, laying the foundations for understanding the dynamics of Hg and Se in Amazonian riverside populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144258"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the removal of sulfadoxine (SDX) with the electro-Fenton (EF) process is for the first time investigated, in a commercially available filter press electrochemical cell. A Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) was used as the cathode and a Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) as the anode. The effects of current density, recirculation flow, and pH on H2O2 generation were examined. The maximum H2O2 concentration was 457 mg/L at 50 mA/cm2, 200 mL/min, and pH 7 after 2 h of operation. Under the same conditions, the effect of Fe2+ on SDX oxidation and mineralization was studied. With 0.5 mM Fe2+, SDX was eliminated within 10 min, with 77.4% total organic carbon (TOC) removal after 2 h. Notably, Fe precipitation was observed at near-neutral pH, indicating that removal via coagulation and adsorption may have contributed to SDX elimination in addition to oxidation. Five transformation products (TPs) were identified via LC/HRMS Orbitrap, with four newly reported. The acute and chronic toxicity of the TPs was assessed in fish, daphnia, and green algae using ECOSAR software. Most TPs showed lower toxicity than SDX, though some exhibited increased toxicity, suggesting longer or more intense treatments may be needed. The stability of the GDE was evaluated over 10 consecutive cycles with 0.1 mM Fe2+. SDX removal remained stable, ranging from 72.2% to 85.4%, though H2O2 electrogeneration decreased steadily from 481.4 mg/L to 200.6 mg/L by the final cycle. These results suggest that while EF effectively removes SDX, improvements in H2O2 generation stability are necessary for long-term use.
{"title":"Elimination of the pharmaceutical sulfadoxine by electro-Fenton: Reaction kinetics, oxidation pathway and stability of the electrode","authors":"Panagiota Petsi , Konstantinos V. Plakas , Panagiotis Bizirtsakis , Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou , Alexandra Moschona , Dimitra Lambropoulou , Zacharias Frontistis","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the removal of sulfadoxine (SDX) with the electro-Fenton (EF) process is for the first time investigated, in a commercially available filter press electrochemical cell. A Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) was used as the cathode and a Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) as the anode. The effects of current density, recirculation flow, and pH on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation were examined. The maximum H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration was 457 mg/L at 50 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 200 mL/min, and pH 7 after 2 h of operation. Under the same conditions, the effect of Fe<sup>2+</sup> on SDX oxidation and mineralization was studied. With 0.5 mM Fe<sup>2+</sup>, SDX was eliminated within 10 min, with 77.4% total organic carbon (TOC) removal after 2 h. Notably, Fe precipitation was observed at near-neutral pH, indicating that removal via coagulation and adsorption may have contributed to SDX elimination in addition to oxidation. Five transformation products (TPs) were identified via LC/HRMS Orbitrap, with four newly reported. The acute and chronic toxicity of the TPs was assessed in fish, daphnia, and green algae using ECOSAR software. Most TPs showed lower toxicity than SDX, though some exhibited increased toxicity, suggesting longer or more intense treatments may be needed. The stability of the GDE was evaluated over 10 consecutive cycles with 0.1 mM Fe<sup>2+</sup>. SDX removal remained stable, ranging from 72.2% to 85.4%, though H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogeneration decreased steadily from 481.4 mg/L to 200.6 mg/L by the final cycle. These results suggest that while EF effectively removes SDX, improvements in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation stability are necessary for long-term use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144265"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144254
Vahid Vatanpour , Kaveh Fallah , Somayeh Norouzbahari , Ali Ghadimi
In this paper, Matrimid® 5218 glassy polymer, which is predominantly used for fabrication of the dense gas separation membranes, was applied to fabricate porous ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for liquid phase filtration. The prepared bare and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), containing different weight percentages of graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates were characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, and AFM analyses along with water contact angle (WCA), average pore radius, and porosity measurements. The SEM images displayed an asymmetric structure where the incorporation of hydrophilic GO nanoplates has resulted in construction of more and larger finger-like macrovoids in the sublayer. The optimum membrane, containing 0.02 wt% of GO nanoplates offered the overall porosity of 86.9%, average pore radius of 5.48 nm, as well as the highest pure water flux (PWF) and flux recovery ratio (FRR%) of 266 L m−2 h−1 and 83%, respectively. The WCA reduction by 10.7% accompanying with PWF and FFR% values enhancement by 30.6% and 74%, respectively confirmed the favourable effect of GO nanoplates embedment in increasing the prepared MMMs hydrophilicity and antifouling properties. In addition, the optimum membrane represented the highest bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein solution flux of 96.6 L m−2 h−1. The fabricated MMMs exhibited the BSA solution rejection values more than 96% and were capable of rejecting two organic azo dyes, including reactive yellow 160 and reactive black 5 more than ∼90%. The results approved that Matrimid® 5218 polymer can be properly employed in fabrication of porous asymmetric UF membranes for wastewater treatment applications.
{"title":"Matrimid® 5218 in fabrication of UF membranes for wastewater treatment: Performance enhancement via graphene oxide nanoplates incorporation","authors":"Vahid Vatanpour , Kaveh Fallah , Somayeh Norouzbahari , Ali Ghadimi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, Matrimid® 5218 glassy polymer, which is predominantly used for fabrication of the dense gas separation membranes, was applied to fabricate porous ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for liquid phase filtration. The prepared bare and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), containing different weight percentages of graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates were characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, and AFM analyses along with water contact angle (WCA), average pore radius, and porosity measurements. The SEM images displayed an asymmetric structure where the incorporation of hydrophilic GO nanoplates has resulted in construction of more and larger finger-like macrovoids in the sublayer. The optimum membrane, containing 0.02 wt% of GO nanoplates offered the overall porosity of 86.9%, average pore radius of 5.48 nm, as well as the highest pure water flux (PWF) and flux recovery ratio (FRR%) of 266 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and 83%, respectively. The WCA reduction by 10.7% accompanying with PWF and FFR% values enhancement by 30.6% and 74%, respectively confirmed the favourable effect of GO nanoplates embedment in increasing the prepared MMMs hydrophilicity and antifouling properties. In addition, the optimum membrane represented the highest bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein solution flux of 96.6 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. The fabricated MMMs exhibited the BSA solution rejection values more than 96% and were capable of rejecting two organic azo dyes, including reactive yellow 160 and reactive black 5 more than ∼90%. The results approved that Matrimid® 5218 polymer can be properly employed in fabrication of porous asymmetric UF membranes for wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144253
A-Hyun Jo , Young-Bin Yu , Jae-Ho Choi , Ju-Hyeong Lee , Cheol Young Choi , Ju-Chan Kang , Jun-Hwan Kim
This study investigates the toxic effects of microplastics by assessing bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, and antioxidant responses in juvenile Korean bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) exposed to polyamide microplastics (PA-MPs). The increasing release of plastics into aquatic environments leads to their degradation into microplastics, which pose a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems. To evaluate these impacts, P. fulvidraco (mean length: 16.3 ± 1.1 cm, mean weight: 38.2 ± 6.6 g) were exposed to waterborne PA-MPs (white, spherical particles) at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 5000 and 10,000 mg/L for 96 h. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that PA-MPs primarily accumulated in the intestine, followed by the gills and liver. Hematological assessments showed significant reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at high PA-MP concentrations (5000 and 10,000 mg/L). Plasma biochemical analysis indicated significant alterations in calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT and ALP levels. In terms of antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly with PA-MP exposure, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed a marked decrease. These findings suggest that PA-MP exposure leads to bioaccumulation in key tissues and induces physiological stress in P. fulvidraco by altering hematological and antioxidant defense mechanisms, highlighting the potential toxicity of microplastics in freshwater fish.
{"title":"Microplastics induce toxic effects in fish: Bioaccumulation, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses","authors":"A-Hyun Jo , Young-Bin Yu , Jae-Ho Choi , Ju-Hyeong Lee , Cheol Young Choi , Ju-Chan Kang , Jun-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the toxic effects of microplastics by assessing bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, and antioxidant responses in juvenile Korean bullhead (<em>Pseudobagrus fulvidraco</em>) exposed to polyamide microplastics (PA-MPs). The increasing release of plastics into aquatic environments leads to their degradation into microplastics, which pose a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems. To evaluate these impacts, <em>P. fulvidraco</em> (mean length: 16.3 ± 1.1 cm, mean weight: 38.2 ± 6.6 g) were exposed to waterborne PA-MPs (white, spherical particles) at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 5000 and 10,000 mg/L for 96 h. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that PA-MPs primarily accumulated in the intestine, followed by the gills and liver. Hematological assessments showed significant reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at high PA-MP concentrations (5000 and 10,000 mg/L). Plasma biochemical analysis indicated significant alterations in calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT and ALP levels. In terms of antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly with PA-MP exposure, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed a marked decrease. These findings suggest that PA-MP exposure leads to bioaccumulation in key tissues and induces physiological stress in <em>P. fulvidraco</em> by altering hematological and antioxidant defense mechanisms, highlighting the potential toxicity of microplastics in freshwater fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144253"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diclofenac (DCF) is one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that is not effectively removed in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants. In recent times, DCF has been found in many drinking water sources, highlighting the increasing need to enhance current wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities through advanced treatment technologies to efficiently eliminate DCF and other micropollutants. Nonetheless, selecting the best treatment technologies is a complex matter in this modernization process, requiring multidimensional thinking and multi-criteria decision-making. This study introduces a new approach with defined multi-dimensional evaluation criteria and a multi-criteria decision-making method for choosing the best treatment alternatives and technologies. This new approach was applied and tested to determine the best treatment alternatives for DCF, one of the emerging micropollutants in this study. In this context, a total of 18 evaluation criteria were determined and prioritized. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify and assess the performance of the treatment alternatives. In determining these alternatives, the "complex proportional assessment (COPRAS)" analytical decision-making method was used in the decision-making process and their priority rankings were determined. The final priority order was determined as membrane filtration > adsorption > hybrid processes > advanced oxidation processes > artificial wetlands > oxidation processes > conventional treatment processes > biological treatment > other treatment processes. Membrane processes were discovered to be the most effective tertiary treatment alternative for DCF removal. If membrane processes are preferred as tertiary treatment in a treatment plant, the application of concentrated management techniques such as volume reduction will further increase the environmental benefit.
{"title":"Use of COPRAS decision model for the selection of best treatment alternatives in removing micropollutants: Diclofenac example","authors":"Elif Simsek Yesil , Pınar Hasanoglu Ozturk , Emrah Ozturk , Mehmet Kitis","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diclofenac (DCF) is one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that is not effectively removed in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants. In recent times, DCF has been found in many drinking water sources, highlighting the increasing need to enhance current wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities through advanced treatment technologies to efficiently eliminate DCF and other micropollutants. Nonetheless, selecting the best treatment technologies is a complex matter in this modernization process, requiring multidimensional thinking and multi-criteria decision-making. This study introduces a new approach with defined multi-dimensional evaluation criteria and a multi-criteria decision-making method for choosing the best treatment alternatives and technologies. This new approach was applied and tested to determine the best treatment alternatives for DCF, one of the emerging micropollutants in this study. In this context, a total of 18 evaluation criteria were determined and prioritized. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify and assess the performance of the treatment alternatives. In determining these alternatives, the \"complex proportional assessment (COPRAS)\" analytical decision-making method was used in the decision-making process and their priority rankings were determined. The final priority order was determined as membrane filtration > adsorption > hybrid processes > advanced oxidation processes > artificial wetlands > oxidation processes > conventional treatment processes > biological treatment > other treatment processes. Membrane processes were discovered to be the most effective tertiary treatment alternative for DCF removal. If membrane processes are preferred as tertiary treatment in a treatment plant, the application of concentrated management techniques such as volume reduction will further increase the environmental benefit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144264"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144259
Akkasha Azam , Ummar Iqbal , Zartasha Usman , Muhammad Sharif , Muhammad Faisal Gul , Nargis Naz , Ifrah Nawaz , Farooq Ahmad
This study investigates the impact of vehicular-released heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, and Ni) on foliar physiological and biochemical parameters of Conocarpus erectus and its relationship with the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). Leaf samples were collected from six sites along a busy road (Bahawalpur to Rahim Yar Khan, KLP Road) in Punjab, Pakistan, during the spring season, with control samples taken 50 m away from the roadside. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), revealing significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu in leaf dust at polluted sites, particularly in Ahmadpur. Exposure to heavy metal pollution led to notable reductions in shoot length, leaf area, and biomass, with Khanbella exhibiting the most severe declines. Gas exchange parameters were altered, with increased CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at Taranda, while transpiration rates decreased across polluted sites. Biochemical responses, including elevated total soluble proteins, free amino acids, and ascorbic acid, indicated adaptive metabolic shifts. Photosynthetic pigments, particularly chlorophyll b and carotenoids, were significantly reduced under pollution stress, whereas antioxidant activity remained stable. Anatomical modifications, such as increased vascular bundle and cortical thickness at Taranda and Iqbalabad, reflected structural resilience. Stomatal density and area were significantly lower at polluted sites, suggesting regulatory adjustments to minimize water loss. APTI values (12.21–9.98) were significantly higher at roadside locations compared to controls, highlighting the strong resilience of C. erectus to pollution. The species high APTI values and capacity to tolerate heavy metal contamination suggest its suitability for urban roadside plantations, where it can mitigate the adverse effects of vehicular emissions and contribute to environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Biomonitoring and phytoremediation potential of Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood) for mitigating air pollution from highway traffic","authors":"Akkasha Azam , Ummar Iqbal , Zartasha Usman , Muhammad Sharif , Muhammad Faisal Gul , Nargis Naz , Ifrah Nawaz , Farooq Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of vehicular-released heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, and Ni) on foliar physiological and biochemical parameters of <em>Conocarpus erectus</em> and its relationship with the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). Leaf samples were collected from six sites along a busy road (Bahawalpur to Rahim Yar Khan, KLP Road) in Punjab, Pakistan, during the spring season, with control samples taken 50 m away from the roadside. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), revealing significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu in leaf dust at polluted sites, particularly in Ahmadpur. Exposure to heavy metal pollution led to notable reductions in shoot length, leaf area, and biomass, with Khanbella exhibiting the most severe declines. Gas exchange parameters were altered, with increased CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation and stomatal conductance at Taranda, while transpiration rates decreased across polluted sites. Biochemical responses, including elevated total soluble proteins, free amino acids, and ascorbic acid, indicated adaptive metabolic shifts. Photosynthetic pigments, particularly chlorophyll <em>b</em> and carotenoids, were significantly reduced under pollution stress, whereas antioxidant activity remained stable. Anatomical modifications, such as increased vascular bundle and cortical thickness at Taranda and Iqbalabad, reflected structural resilience. Stomatal density and area were significantly lower at polluted sites, suggesting regulatory adjustments to minimize water loss. APTI values (12.21–9.98) were significantly higher at roadside locations compared to controls, highlighting the strong resilience of <em>C. erectus</em> to pollution. The species high APTI values and capacity to tolerate heavy metal contamination suggest its suitability for urban roadside plantations, where it can mitigate the adverse effects of vehicular emissions and contribute to environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144259"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144232
Bowen Li , Xiangyu Li , Kimberley Tilbrook , Bo Niu , Chaoyu Li , Bing Han
Poultry litter (PL) is a significant source of ammonia (NH3) emissions, posing threats to human health and environmental sustainability. The use of oxychar (OC), derived from agricultural waste via a low-temperature partial oxidation process in an oxygen-rich environment, has shown promise in reducing NH3 volatilisation from poultry litter (PL); however, the use of OC in a loose, powdered form creates challenges for transportation, handling, and application. This study demonstrates that high-pressure compression is an effective method to produce OC pellets that have reduced dust content, a lower risk of self-heating and enhanced bulk density. Compared to powdered OC, pelletised OC produced less atmospheric fine particulates as confirmed by a 96.2% and 97.3% reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 values, respectively. Furthermore, pelletised OC had considerably reduced product loss during simulated transportation and decreased water adsorption. When normalized by volume, NH3 uptake by pelletised OC was increased by 393.6% compared to the powdered form. The incorporation of 5% w/w OC pellets into industry-standard PL led to a 77.6% reduction in NH3 volatilisation. This is attributed to the formation of covalent bonds in the forms of amine and amide on the surface of OC following its incorporation. This study highlights the environmental benefits and practical implications of utilizing OC pellets as an effective strategy for NH3 mitigation in the poultry industry.
{"title":"Optimizing NH3 mitigation in poultry litter: Enhanced performance through pelletisation of oxychar","authors":"Bowen Li , Xiangyu Li , Kimberley Tilbrook , Bo Niu , Chaoyu Li , Bing Han","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry litter (PL) is a significant source of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions, posing threats to human health and environmental sustainability. The use of oxychar (OC), derived from agricultural waste via a low-temperature partial oxidation process in an oxygen-rich environment, has shown promise in reducing NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation from poultry litter (PL); however, the use of OC in a loose, powdered form creates challenges for transportation, handling, and application. This study demonstrates that high-pressure compression is an effective method to produce OC pellets that have reduced dust content, a lower risk of self-heating and enhanced bulk density. Compared to powdered OC, pelletised OC produced less atmospheric fine particulates as confirmed by a 96.2% and 97.3% reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> values, respectively. Furthermore, pelletised OC had considerably reduced product loss during simulated transportation and decreased water adsorption. When normalized by volume, NH<sub>3</sub> uptake by pelletised OC was increased by 393.6% compared to the powdered form. The incorporation of 5% w/w OC pellets into industry-standard PL led to a 77.6% reduction in NH<sub>3</sub> volatilisation. This is attributed to the formation of covalent bonds in the forms of amine and amide on the surface of OC following its incorporation. This study highlights the environmental benefits and practical implications of utilizing OC pellets as an effective strategy for NH<sub>3</sub> mitigation in the poultry industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144232"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144219
Aleksandar Urošević , Tanja Vukov , Milena Cvijanović , Saša Janković , Dragica Nikolić , Maja Ajduković , Marko Anđelković , Katarina Ljubisavljević , Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
Environmental pollution by metals and metalloids can have a detrimental effect on the fitness and development of organisms. Studies on the influence of metals and metalloids as environmental stressors on developmentally and functionally complex morphological structures of reptiles are important, as this group of vertebrates is highly threatened and is an important component of food webs. To assess the effects of chronic mercury exposure on cranium morphology and post-natal development in a model species of lizards, we analysed the concentration of this metal in liver tissues in the population of the Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) from the mercury mine tailings and the control population, and possible differences in skull size, shape, developmental stability and canalization between the two groups. Patterns of variation and asymmetry of the cranium shape were analysed using geometric morphometrics. The mercury concentration was significantly higher in the population from the polluted locality, but had very little to no effect on the cranial morphology. Juveniles and females from both sites had the same size and shape of the dorsal and ventral cranium, while males showed small differences in ventral cranium shape, reflected in slightly longer maxillae and wider crania at the polluted site. The pattern of sexual dimorphism remained constant at both localities. Both static and ontogenetic allometry were significant in both groups, and allometric trajectories did not differ between the two sites. The differences in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) between localities were not statistically significant for the dorsal and ventral cranium. The results do not support the idea that FA can be used as an early indicator mercury exposure at the population level.
{"title":"Does mercury affect morphology, developmental stability and canalization of the skull in the Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)?","authors":"Aleksandar Urošević , Tanja Vukov , Milena Cvijanović , Saša Janković , Dragica Nikolić , Maja Ajduković , Marko Anđelković , Katarina Ljubisavljević , Nataša Tomašević Kolarov","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution by metals and metalloids can have a detrimental effect on the fitness and development of organisms. Studies on the influence of metals and metalloids as environmental stressors on developmentally and functionally complex morphological structures of reptiles are important, as this group of vertebrates is highly threatened and is an important component of food webs. To assess the effects of chronic mercury exposure on cranium morphology and post-natal development in a model species of lizards, we analysed the concentration of this metal in liver tissues in the population of the Common wall lizard (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>) from the mercury mine tailings and the control population, and possible differences in skull size, shape, developmental stability and canalization between the two groups. Patterns of variation and asymmetry of the cranium shape were analysed using geometric morphometrics. The mercury concentration was significantly higher in the population from the polluted locality, but had very little to no effect on the cranial morphology. Juveniles and females from both sites had the same size and shape of the dorsal and ventral cranium, while males showed small differences in ventral cranium shape, reflected in slightly longer maxillae and wider crania at the polluted site. The pattern of sexual dimorphism remained constant at both localities. Both static and ontogenetic allometry were significant in both groups, and allometric trajectories did not differ between the two sites. The differences in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) between localities were not statistically significant for the dorsal and ventral cranium. The results do not support the idea that FA can be used as an early indicator mercury exposure at the population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144219"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shrimp are popular as food in Japan, but their contamination status is not well understood. In this study, 45 shrimp products (seven species) collected from eight locations in Japanese coastal waters and the South China Sea were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and naturally occurring halogenated contaminants (NHCs). The compounds with the highest mean concentration among shrimp species were endosulfans (4.0 ng g−1 dry weight, 41% of the total concentration), followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 26%), chlordanes (CHLs, 11%), methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs, 10%) and heptachlorinated methylbipyrrole (Cl7-MBP, 4%). Endosulfan concentrations were not correlated with the PCB and CHL concentrations, which suggested that these compounds had different sources and kinetics. Regional differences were observed in Sakura shrimp (Lucensosergia lucens), with higher concentrations of CHLs and Cl7-MBP from Suruga Bay in Japan, whereas MeO-BDEs were dominant in the south coast of Taiwan. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of endosulfans through shrimp consumption was 60 pg kg−1 bw day−1. The EDIs of all analytes were well below reference doses set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, indicating that health risks were unlikely, even in 95th percentile scenarios. The profiles and concentrations of these contaminants in shrimp in Japan suggest that shrimp is a potential dietary source of POPs (e.g., α-endosulfan) and NHCs (e.g., 2′- MeO-BDE68), and can serve as bioindicators of contamination status for dietary intake in Japan.
{"title":"Concentrations and dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants and naturally occurring halogenated contaminants in edible shrimp from Japanese coastal waters and the South China Sea","authors":"Katsumi Kido , Yukiko Fujii , Yoshihisa Kato , Chiho Ohta , Nobuyuki Koga , Koichi Haraguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrimp are popular as food in Japan, but their contamination status is not well understood. In this study, 45 shrimp products (seven species) collected from eight locations in Japanese coastal waters and the South China Sea were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and naturally occurring halogenated contaminants (NHCs). The compounds with the highest mean concentration among shrimp species were endosulfans (4.0 ng g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight, 41% of the total concentration), followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 26%), chlordanes (CHLs, 11%), methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs, 10%) and heptachlorinated methylbipyrrole (Cl<sub>7</sub>-MBP, 4%). Endosulfan concentrations were not correlated with the PCB and CHL concentrations, which suggested that these compounds had different sources and kinetics. Regional differences were observed in Sakura shrimp (<em>Lucensosergia lucens</em>), with higher concentrations of CHLs and Cl<sub>7</sub>-MBP from Suruga Bay in Japan, whereas MeO-BDEs were dominant in the south coast of Taiwan. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of endosulfans through shrimp consumption was 60 pg kg<sup>−1</sup> bw day<sup>−1</sup>. The EDIs of all analytes were well below reference doses set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, indicating that health risks were unlikely, even in 95th percentile scenarios. The profiles and concentrations of these contaminants in shrimp in Japan suggest that shrimp is a potential dietary source of POPs (e.g., α-endosulfan) and NHCs (e.g., 2′- MeO-BDE68), and can serve as bioindicators of contamination status for dietary intake in Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144226"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144216
Lena Schinkel , Yves Eberhard , Andreas Maccagnan, Michael Berg, Christa S. McArdell
Antibiotics are of environmental concern. Their concentrations in the aquatic environment are frequently studied, while their occurrence in human excreta-derived fertilizers is less investigated. Therefore, levels of antibiotics, preservatives with antimicrobial properties, and various other micropollutants were determined in sewage sludge and in human fecal compost. Digested sludge of 29 Swiss wastewater treatment plants was analyzed, representing about 2.6 Mio people (30% of the Swiss population). This was compared with residues found in compost with dry toilet content after thermophilic composting, representing about 10 000 people. Fluoroquinolones and preservatives dominate in Swiss sewage sludge with weighted mean concentrations of 6500 μg kg−1 and 2300 μg kg−1. Levels of macrolides (240 μg kg−1), β-lactam transformation products (35 μg kg−1) and sulfonamides (15 μg kg−1) were lower. Pollution patterns in digested sewage sludge were relatively constant throughout Switzerland. Levels of contamination in fecal compost were approximately 30 times lower than in sewage sludge. Pollution patterns differed between compost and sludge. Chemicals used in down-the-drain-applications (e.g., preservatives from personal care products or corrosion inhibitors) are less relevant in compost. Based on the Swiss consumption and excretion data, a mass flow analysis was carried out for antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in sludge and compost. The mass flow analysis in sludge showed a good agreement of predicted and measured concentrations for compounds that tend to sorb to organic matter (e.g., fluoroquinolones). Currently, there is no specific legislation that regulates the use of fecal compost from dry toilets as fertilizer. However, the one to two order of magnitude lower levels of contaminants in fecal compost compared to sludge and manure indicate a lower environmental risk when applying it as fertilizer.
{"title":"Antibiotics and other micropollutants in Swiss sewage sludge and fecal compost","authors":"Lena Schinkel , Yves Eberhard , Andreas Maccagnan, Michael Berg, Christa S. McArdell","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics are of environmental concern. Their concentrations in the aquatic environment are frequently studied, while their occurrence in human excreta-derived fertilizers is less investigated. Therefore, levels of antibiotics, preservatives with antimicrobial properties, and various other micropollutants were determined in sewage sludge and in human fecal compost. Digested sludge of 29 Swiss wastewater treatment plants was analyzed, representing about 2.6 Mio people (30% of the Swiss population). This was compared with residues found in compost with dry toilet content after thermophilic composting, representing about 10 000 people. Fluoroquinolones and preservatives dominate in Swiss sewage sludge with weighted mean concentrations of 6500 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 2300 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Levels of macrolides (240 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>), β-lactam transformation products (35 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and sulfonamides (15 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) were lower. Pollution patterns in digested sewage sludge were relatively constant throughout Switzerland. Levels of contamination in fecal compost were approximately 30 times lower than in sewage sludge. Pollution patterns differed between compost and sludge. Chemicals used in down-the-drain-applications (e.g., preservatives from personal care products or corrosion inhibitors) are less relevant in compost. Based on the Swiss consumption and excretion data, a mass flow analysis was carried out for antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in sludge and compost. The mass flow analysis in sludge showed a good agreement of predicted and measured concentrations for compounds that tend to sorb to organic matter (e.g., fluoroquinolones). Currently, there is no specific legislation that regulates the use of fecal compost from dry toilets as fertilizer. However, the one to two order of magnitude lower levels of contaminants in fecal compost compared to sludge and manure indicate a lower environmental risk when applying it as fertilizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 144216"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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