Progress in electrocatalytic treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater with various electrode materials

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in electrocatalytic treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater using various electrode materials. The fundamentals of electrocatalysis, key parameters influencing treatment efficiency, and reaction mechanisms for cyanide removal are discussed in detail. The review critically examines the performance of two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrode systems, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Stainless steel mesh, carbon-based electrodes, and activated carbon-filled electrodes are among the electrode materials evaluated for their effectiveness in removing cyanide and its complex species from wastewater. The review also explores optimization strategies, such as electrode modification, reactor design improvement, and advanced mixing techniques, to enhance the efficiency and scalability of the treatment process. Future perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the development of novel electrode materials, reactor designs, and fabrication methods are presented, emphasizing the need for cost-effective and sustainable solutions for the widespread adoption of this technology.