Estimation of the proportion of skin cancers attributable to occupational sun exposure in Reunion Island

Abstract

Background

The increasing prevalence of cutaneous malignancies has led to their categorization as a public health concern. The main risk factor is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can be particularly high in certain overseas territories. As a result, outdoor workers constitute a high-risk population.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of skin cancers potentially attributable to occupational sun exposure in Reunion Island.

The increasing prevalence of skin cancer in recent years has led to its recognition as a significant public health concern. The primary risk factor is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which has been observed to reach elevated levels in certain overseas territories. Consequently, individuals engaged in outdoor work are considered a high-risk population. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of skin cancers potentially attributable to occupational sun exposure in Reunion Island and to identify factors associated with such exposure.

Methods

This study covers all melanomas, cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and a representative sample of basal cell carcinomas, diagnosed over one year in subjects who had worked for at least 3 years on the island. Telephone interviews were conducted with each subject to gather data on their exposure to sunlight during childhood, leisure activities and work. Cancers were classified as potentially attributable to work if the time spent in the sun at work was greater than the time spent in the sun during leisure time, taking into account sun protection data and the site of the skin cancer (areas exposed during work).

Results

Of the 329 people included, 37.7% had skin cancer(s) attributable to occupational UV exposure. Several high-risk professions were identified, including farmers. Among people surveyed, 93% reported that their employers had taken any steps to prevent sun exposure and 73% had never used sunscreen at work.

Conclusion

The percentage of people with skin cancer potentially attributable to occupational sun exposure in Reunion Island is considerable. Prevention and education on photoprotection in the workplace are essential. Recognition of skin cancer in exposed workers as an occupational disease should be considered in Reunion Island.