A Comprehensive Investigation of Diverse Synthetic Methodologies for Constructing Quinoline Frameworks: A Critical Overview

Abstract

Recently, quinoline has emerged as a critical heterocyclic structure, attracting attention for its diverse industrial and synthetic organic chemistry applications. This compound is essential for developing novel lead compounds in drug discovery and is extensively studied for its therapeutic derivatives in medicinal chemistry. An extensive body of literature details the methodologies for synthesizing this key scaffold and its functionalization to enhance biological efficacy. Numerous synthesis protocols have been documented, highlighting the significance of quinoline in ongoing chemical research. These methodologies include various strategies, such as transition metal-catalyzed reactions and environmentally sustainable processes, which are crucial for constructing and functionalizing quinoline and its derivatives. This review aims to systematically examine the synthesis procedures and findings, addressing the limitations of these pathways and their environmental impacts. Additionally, a curated selection of quinolines and their derivatives will be presented.