Will biohybrid or tandem CO2 electrolysis prevail?

Abstract

Electrified CO₂ conversion into sustainable multicarbon products is a key component in reshaping the carbon cycle and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Recent discoveries have led to the advent of biohybrid and tandem CO₂ electrolysis processes, which have now surfaced among the most promising methods to convert waste CO₂ into valuable C2+ products like hydrocarbons and oxygenates. However, limited analysis has so far been devoted to understanding and comparing the synergies between these two emerging platforms. In this perspective, we explore the technical feasibility of these technologies to identify their best near-term applications and unique operational challenges. We begin by assessing their state-of-the-art performance using key figures of merit. We then provide initial life-cycle assessment and technoeconomic calculations, comparing their value propositions and carbon footprints. Altogether, this technical evaluation can inform the design and implementation of new multistage CO₂ conversion processes and provide insights toward a future circularized carbon economy.