Current research on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism by plant-derived active polysaccharides

Abstract

Background

The rapid rise in metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity is closely linked to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. Current pharmacotherapies—including semaglutide, orlistat, metformin, and insulin—are effective but often accompanied by undesirable side effects. This has spurred interest in natural alternatives, particularly plant-derived polysaccharides, which have demonstrated promising roles in modulating glycolipid metabolism and may serve as safe, functional food components.

Scope and approach

This review examines the influence of active plant polysaccharides on blood glucose and lipid levels and elucidates their underlying molecular mechanisms relevant to conditions like diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Evidence indicates that these polysaccharides exert regulatory effects by engaging several key signaling pathways, including AMPK, PI3K/Akt, PPAR, NF-κB, GLP-1, and SIRT1. Additionally, they interact with intestinal taste receptors, a mechanism that may enhance insulin sensitivity and improve lipid profiles.

Key findings and conclusions

The cumulative findings suggest that plant-derived polysaccharides offer a promising avenue for the development of novel hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering agents. However, further research is warranted to clarify their precise mechanisms of action. Future investigations should integrate clinical trials with detailed molecular studies to validate their efficacy and safety in the management of metabolic diseases. Such efforts could ultimately lead to innovative, natural therapeutic strategies that address the growing public health challenge posed by obesity and related metabolic disorders.