Palladium nanoparticles stabilized on Zn-MOF-NH2-glutaraldehyde: as a novel and effective heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction

Abstract

Effective and notable elimination of leaching of the metal nanoparticle from the catalyst during catalytic processes is still a big challenge for researchers in the design of heterogeneous catalysts. Metal–organic frameworks in both pristine and modified types with an excellent capacity for adsorption and stabilization of metallic active species have received special attention. In this study, Zn-MOF (TMU-16-NH₂) was selected and modified with urea to enhance amino groups on the surface, and the Zn-MOF-NH₂ was further reacted with glutaraldehyde to achieve support with various sites containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms named Zn-MOF-NH₂-glutaraldehyde. This adsorbent revealed an outstanding capacity in the adsorption and stabilization of palladium nanoparticles to fabricate a novel heterogeneous catalyst Zn-MOF-NH₂-glutaraldehyde@Pd for the Suzuki coupling reaction. High performance, great yield of products, reusability, easy work-up, clean profile of reaction, and short reaction times are some of the benefits of the Zn-MOF-NH₂-glutaraldehyde@Pd catalyst.