Anthropogenic Marine Litter on the Maharashtra Coastline (India): Prevalence, Distribution, Sources, Impacts, Mitigation Strategies and Meta-Analysis

IF 3.8 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07864-9
Sachin M. Gosavi, Samadhan K. Phuge, Ambadas R. Rodge, Sanjay S. Kharat, Sarika D. Torawane
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Abstract

Anthropogenic marine litter (AML) along the 21 beaches of the Maharashtra coast was examined using Oslo and Paris (OSPAR) Commission guidelines to explore its sources, distribution, potential impacts, and mitigation strategies. The Clean Coast Index (CCI) and Hazardous Anthropogenic Beach Litter Index (HABLI) were used to evaluate beach cleanliness and safety, respectively. A total of 13,735 AML items were collected and categorized into 82 types, with an average abundance of 0.92 items/m2 along the Maharashtra coast. Plastic was the most common type of AML (84.7%), with the top 10 items contribute 62.1% of the total, half of which originated from land-based sources. Sector 1 (Mumbai) accounted for 42.5% of AML, followed by Sector 3 (30%; Ratnagiri), Sector 2 (19.8%; Raigad), and Sector 4 (7.7%; Sindhudurg). Mitigation measures prioritizing Sectors 1 and 3 could reduce about 70% of AML entering the Arabian Sea. Globally, 67.2% of studies reported similar or higher AML levels compared to the Maharashtra coast. The CCI revealed that 57.2% of beaches had "low to very low cleanliness," and 6.8% of the AML was hazardous, which could negatively affect coastal tourism and the regional economy. The study recommends policy measures for Maharashtra coast, such as improving waste management infrastructure, encouraging recycling, fostering responsible tourist behaviour, altering tourist perceptions, enforcing stringent regulations for managing tourism and fishery-related litter, and imposing penalties for illegal waste disposal.

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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.90%
发文量
448
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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