Ophthalmology Examinations in Children With Skull Fractures and Underlying Focal Hemorrhage.

IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 EMERGENCY MEDICINE Pediatric emergency care Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1097/PEC.0000000000003334
Karli Breeden, Cindy W Christian, Joanne N Wood, Gil Binenbaum, Daniel M Lindberg, Angela Bachim, Colleen J Bressler, Lori Frasier, Terra Frazier, Nicole R Johnson, Natalie Laub, Megan M Letson, Tagrid Ruiz-Maldonado, Matthew Valente, Jenna Kiely, Jan Leonard, M Katherine Henry
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the frequency and yield of retinal examination in children below 2 years old undergoing abuse evaluations in the setting of skull fracture(s) and small underlying intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used CAPNET, a multicenter child physical abuse network, to identify children below 2 years with a skull fracture(s) and intracranial injury limited to an underlying small focal intracranial hemorrhage undergoing subspeciality child abuse evaluations. Our outcomes of interest were (1) the performance of a retinal examination, (2) the identification of retinal hemorrhages, and (3) associations of clinical factors and CAPNET site with the performance of retinal examinations. We hypothesized that retinal hemorrhages would be identified in <5% of patients.

Results: Of 242 children who met inclusion criteria, the majority (189, 78.1%) presented with a reported history of accidental trauma, and most (211, 87.2%) lacked additional injuries. Only 9 (3.7%) had loss of consciousness and/or seizures/seizure-like activity. The majority (201, 83.1%) had low concern for abuse. Overall, 104 (43.0%) children underwent retinal examinations, of which 0 had retinal hemorrhages (one-sided 95% CI: 0-2.8%). Children without a reported accidental mechanism of injury (P=0.004), those with intermediate/high concern for abuse (P<0.001), and children with occipital fractures (P=0.008) were more likely than their counterparts to undergo retinal examination. The proportion of children undergoing retinal examination varied by CAPNET site (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it may be reasonable to forgo retinal examinations in children below 2 years of age with skull fracture(s) and intracranial injury limited to an underlying small focal hemorrhage who are overall neurologically well-appearing.

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来源期刊
Pediatric emergency care
Pediatric emergency care 医学-急救医学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
14.30%
发文量
577
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Pediatric Emergency Care®, features clinically relevant original articles with an EM perspective on the care of acutely ill or injured children and adolescents. The journal is aimed at both the pediatrician who wants to know more about treating and being compensated for minor emergency cases and the emergency physicians who must treat children or adolescents in more than one case in there.
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