Perovskite oxides as promising candidates for advanced supercapacitor electrode materials: A review

Abstract

In the pursuit of more efficient energy storage solutions, perovskite oxides with the general formula of ABO₃ have emerged as promising candidates for supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials. Some of their special characteristics include structural flexibility, abundant oxygen vacancies, and a unique crystal framework. These features enable these materials to be tuned precisely into the desired electrochemical properties, making them highly suitable for high-performance energy applications. Recent advancements in compositional adjustments, elemental doping, and morphology control have significantly enhanced the electrochemical behavior of perovskite oxides, leading to improvements in specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cycling stability. In addition to structural insights, the review explores key experimental variables, such as synthesis methods. By integrating various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical models, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of these materials' performance as SC electrodes. Furthermore, it delves into the practical applications of these materials in SCs and offers perspectives on the challenges and future research directions needed to optimize perovskite-based SC electrodes for commercial use.