Journal of Power Sources最新文献

In-situ generated sulfur/porous carbon nanocomposites featuring enhanced specific surface area for aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries with small electrochemical polarization 原位生成的硫/多孔碳纳米复合材料具有增强的比表面积，适用于电化学极化小的锌硫水溶液电池

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235829

Zuoshu Wang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yingjun Wei, Dewei Wang

Cathodes for aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries (AZSBs) produced via the conventional melt-infiltration technique face issues such as non-uniform sulfur distribution and a lack of active sites, which lead to sluggish redox reactions and considerable voltage hysteresis in AZSBs. In this study, we introduce an alternative approach where amorphous sulfur is encapsulated in situ within three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbons (S-HPCs). The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by its applicability to various precursors. As a typical example, the resulting S-HPCs exhibits a significantly higher specific surface area of 494.4 m² g⁻¹, compared to the mere 6.4 m² g⁻¹ of cathode prepared via traditional melt-infiltration methods. This enhancement means an increase in active sites and an enlarged electrode-electrolyte interface, which in turn, accelerates electrode reaction kinetics. The S-HPCs cathode is capable of delivering a reversible capacity of 1493.4 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, with a narrowed polarization potential of just 0.42 V. They also demonstrate a high-rate performance of 849.2 mA h g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹, along with enduring stability over 845 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. This work not only presents a high-performance cathode for AZSBs but also offers strategies for enhancing the kinetics and cycle stability of AZSBs.

通过传统熔融过滤技术生产的水性锌硫电池（AZSBs）阴极面临着硫分布不均匀和缺乏活性位点等问题，这导致 AZSBs 的氧化还原反应迟缓，电压滞后现象严重。在本研究中，我们介绍了一种替代方法，即在三维分层多孔碳（S-HPCs）中原位封装无定形硫。这种方法适用于各种前驱体，证明了它的多功能性。一个典型的例子是，与通过传统熔融过滤方法制备的仅 6.4 平方米 g-1 的阴极相比，所制备的 S-HPCs 的比表面积显著提高，达到 494.4 平方米 g-1。比表面积的增加意味着活性位点的增加和电极-电解质界面的扩大，这反过来又加快了电极反应动力学。S-HPCs 阴极能够在 0.5 A g-1 电流条件下提供 1493.4 mA h g-1 的可逆容量，极化电位仅为 0.42 V。他们还展示了在 5 A g-1 电流条件下 849.2 mA h g-1 的高速率性能，以及在 5 A g-1 电流条件下 845 个循环的持久稳定性。这项工作不仅为 AZSBs 提供了一种高性能阴极，还为提高 AZSBs 的动力学和循环稳定性提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding degradation: The synergy of partial differential equations and advanced predictive models for lithium-ion battery 解码退化：偏微分方程与锂离子电池先进预测模型的协同作用

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235771

Sahil Kadiwala , Prince Savsaviya , Siddhi Vinayak Pandey , Alok Kumar Singh , Daniel Prochowicz , Seckin Akin , Sakshum Khanna , Pankaj Yadav

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) algorithms have transformed Li-Ion battery analysis, focusing on crucial parameters like State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and Remaining Useful Life (RUL). However, due to increasing computational complexity and lack of fundamental process understanding within the developed models, conventional predictive tools suffer its integration in real world applications. To address this gap, our study introduces a hybrid modeling approach consisting of two stages. In the first stage, we apply various machine learning algorithms to predict battery degradation using empirical data, focusing on capturing the initial patterns of battery behavior under different operating conditions. In the second stage, we enhance these predictions by integrating Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that incorporate fundamental physical principles governing battery performance. This combination creates a physics-informed ML model that bridges the gap between empirical data and theoretical understanding. The integration of PDEs significantly improves the model's accuracy in predicting both degradation and discharge capacity. Our results demonstrate a marked enhancement in key performance metrics, with the hybrid model achieving a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.2091, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.4572 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.2555. In comparison, the errors from the initial stage-one ML predictions were substantially higher, with MSE, RMSE, and MAE values of 10.3648, 3.2194, and 0.7392, respectively. These findings highlight the hybrid model's effectiveness and its potential to significantly improve battery management practices, ultimately contributing to the extension of battery lifespan.

机器学习（ML）算法的最新进展改变了锂离子电池分析方法，重点关注充电状态（SOC）、健康状态（SOH）和剩余使用寿命（RUL）等关键参数。然而，由于计算复杂性不断增加，以及对所开发模型的基本过程缺乏了解，传统预测工具在实际应用中难以整合。为了弥补这一不足，我们的研究引入了一种由两个阶段组成的混合建模方法。在第一阶段，我们应用各种机器学习算法，利用经验数据预测电池退化，重点是捕捉不同工作条件下电池行为的初始模式。在第二阶段，我们通过整合偏微分方程 (PDE) 来增强这些预测，偏微分方程结合了支配电池性能的基本物理原理。这种组合创建了一个物理信息 ML 模型，在经验数据和理论理解之间架起了一座桥梁。PDEs 的集成大大提高了模型预测降解和放电容量的准确性。我们的研究结果表明，混合模型的主要性能指标有了显著提高，平均平方误差 (MSE) 为 0.2091，均方根误差 (RMSE) 为 0.4572，平均绝对误差 (MAE) 为 0.2555。相比之下，第一阶段 ML 预测的误差要大得多，MSE、RMSE 和 MAE 值分别为 10.3648、3.2194 和 0.7392。这些发现凸显了混合模型的有效性及其显著改善电池管理实践的潜力，最终有助于延长电池的使用寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Self-assembled zinc polyethylenimine shield for long-lasting zinc anodes 自组装锌聚乙烯亚胺防护罩，实现长效锌阳极

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235799

Ying Chen , Suxia Yan , Taofeng Li , Zhilong Zhang , Li Zhang , Xiaohui Song , Junfeng Liu , Yong Wang , Edison Huixiang Ang

The zinc (Zn) anode of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) faces significant challenges, including dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution reactions, and corrosion, which impede their commercial application. Here, we present a strategy for creating an artificial surface coating layer, Zn-polyethylenimine (Zn-PEI) coordination polymer, formed on the Zn anode surface. The robust Zn-PEI protective layer, rich in amine groups, accelerates ion transport and provides a uniform electric field, thereby suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, this layer prevents direct contact between the Zn surface and the electrolyte, reducing other side reactions such as hydrogen evolution, surface corrosion, and passivation. The charged amine groups in PEI preferentially expose the Zn (101) crystal plane, which has weak thermodynamic stability, to achieve ordered and densely packed Zn (101) deposition. Consequently, Zn-PEI@Zn//Zn-PEI@Zn symmetric cells exhibit a remarkable cycling life of over 2000 h under the conditions of 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻², and Zn-PEI@Zn//Cu asymmetric cells maintain an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % after 1000 stable cycles. This strategy effectively addresses the inherent issues of dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution in Zn anodes, laying a solid foundation for the development of high-performance AZIBs.

水性锌离子电池（AZIBs）的锌（Zn）阳极面临着树枝状生长、氢演化反应和腐蚀等重大挑战，阻碍了其商业应用。在此，我们提出了一种在锌阳极表面形成人工表面涂层层--锌-聚乙烯亚胺（Zn-PEI）配位聚合物的策略。富含胺基团的坚固 Zn-PEI 保护层可加速离子传输并提供均匀的电场，从而抑制枝晶的形成。此外，该保护层还能防止锌表面与电解液直接接触，从而减少氢演化、表面腐蚀和钝化等其他副反应。PEI 中带电的胺基团会优先暴露热力学稳定性较弱的 Zn (101) 晶面，从而实现有序、密集的 Zn (101) 沉积。因此，Zn-PEI@Zn//Zn-PEI@Zn 对称电池在 1 mA cm-2 和 1 mAh cm-2 的条件下显示出超过 2000 小时的出色循环寿命，而 Zn-PEI@Zn//Cu 不对称电池在 1000 次稳定循环后仍能保持 99.7% 的平均库仑效率。这种策略有效地解决了锌阳极树枝状生长和氢演化的固有问题，为开发高性能 AZIB 奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Polyimide dielectrics sandwiched by large-bandgap Al2O3 for high-temperature energy storage 夹有大带隙 Al2O3 的聚酰亚胺电介质用于高温储能

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235849

Hongmei Qin , Ziwei Li , Shiyu Qin , Yanda Jiang , Man Liu , Ling Zhou , Siyu Yu , Shan Wang , Chuanxi Xiong

High-temperature polymer dielectric capacitors are urgently needed in the new-generation electronic and electrical systems. Whereas, current commercial polymer represented by polyimide (PI) suffer from exponentially growing conduction loss at high temperatures and high electric fields, and hence extremely low discharged energy density and sharply declined charge-discharge efficiency. In this work, we developed superior Al₂O₃/PI/Al₂O₃ sandwich films with drastically improved capacitive energy storage performance via atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. Notably, resultant PI hybrid dielectrics deposited by 130 nm-thickness Al₂O₃ (Al₂O₃/PI/Al₂O₃-130nm) exhibits the highest breakdown strength and the lowest leakage current density compared to pristine PI. Consequently, Al₂O₃/PI/Al₂O₃-130nm delivers a discharged energy density of 4.9 J/cm³ at 25 °C and 3.3 J/cm³ at 150 °C, as high as 2.7 times and 3.3 times respectively that of near PI film. Moreover, PI hybrid dielectrics can operate steadily under 200 MV/m and 150 °C during 10,000 cycle measurements. The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the improved barrier height of the electrode/PI interface endowed by deposited large-bandgap Al₂O₃.This work provides a scalable approach to enable excellent high-temperature energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics and promising to promote the application of PI for capacitive energy storage under harsh conditions.

新一代电子和电气系统迫切需要高温聚合物电介质电容器。而目前以聚酰亚胺（PI）为代表的商用聚合物在高温和高电场下的传导损耗呈指数级增长，因此放电能量密度极低，充放电效率急剧下降。在这项工作中，我们通过原子层沉积（ALD）技术开发出了性能卓越的 Al2O3/PI/Al2O3 夹层薄膜，大大提高了电容储能性能。值得注意的是，与原始 PI 相比，由 130 nm 厚度 Al2O3（Al2O3/PI/Al2O3-130nm）沉积而成的 PI 混合电介质具有最高的击穿强度和最低的漏电流密度。因此，Al2O3/PI/Al2O3-130nm 在 25 °C 时的放电能量密度为 4.9 J/cm3，在 150 °C 时为 3.3 J/cm3，分别是近 PI 薄膜的 2.7 倍和 3.3 倍。此外，在 10,000 次循环测量中，PI 混合电介质可在 200 MV/m 和 150 °C 下稳定工作。这项工作提供了一种可扩展的方法，使聚合物电介质具有优异的高温储能性能，并有望促进 PI 在苛刻条件下电容储能的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimized energy management strategy using an artificial tree algorithm for extended range hybrid loaders 利用人工树算法为增程型混合动力装载机制定多目标优化能源管理策略

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235712

Shuo Feng, Zhicheng He, Enlin Zhou, Kan Liu, Xiangyu Cui, Hailun Tan

Aiming at the problems that existing energy management strategies (EMS) are rarely applied to 100-ton loaders and the engine start-stops frequently under complex driving conditions, this paper proposes a novel EMS for 100-ton extended range hybrid loaders based on an artificial tree algorithm (AT). Firstly, using the equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) as a foundation, a penalty function is designed to restrict the range extender’s start-stop frequency and integrated into the ECMS control framework. Secondly, a real-time driving condition recognition model based on AT optimized back propagation (BP) Neural Network is proposed. Finally, with the equivalent factor, scale factor of state of charge (SOC) penalty function and range extender start-stop penalty function as optimization variables, and fuel economy, SOC stability, and range extender start-stop frequency as optimization objectives, AT is used for multi-objective optimization to obtain the optimal control parameters corresponding to the identified driving conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with ECMS and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) based ECMS, the proposed strategy is more effective for maintaining SOC stability. Besides, it improves the fuel economy by 5.937% and 1.353%, respectively, and decreases the number of range extender start-stops by 50.000% and 55.556%, respectively.

针对现有能源管理策略（EMS）很少应用于 100 吨级装载机，以及在复杂驾驶条件下发动机频繁启停的问题，本文提出了一种基于人工树算法（AT）的适用于 100 吨级增程型混合动力装载机的新型 EMS。首先，以等效油耗最小化策略（ECMS）为基础，设计了限制增程器启停频率的惩罚函数，并将其集成到 ECMS 控制框架中。其次，提出了基于 AT 优化反向传播（BP）神经网络的实时驾驶状态识别模型。最后，以等效系数、充电状态（SOC）惩罚函数比例系数和增程器启停惩罚函数为优化变量，以燃油经济性、SOC 稳定性和增程器启停频率为优化目标，利用 AT 进行多目标优化，获得与识别出的驾驶条件相对应的最优控制参数。仿真结果表明，与 ECMS 和基于比例-积分-微分（PID）的 ECMS 相比，所提出的策略在保持 SOC 稳定性方面更为有效。此外，它还将燃油经济性分别提高了 5.937% 和 1.353%，并将增程器启停次数分别减少了 50.000% 和 55.556%。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing sodium ion transport in batteries through a crosslinked ceramic network-coated polyethylene (PE) separator 通过交联陶瓷网络涂层聚乙烯（PE）隔板增强电池中的钠离子传输

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235836

Ao Sun , Xingxu Gao , Ling Yang , Xingyu Yu , Jing Niu , Qian Chen , Yaozong Bai , Gaojun Liu , Haoyu Dong , Lei Sheng , Tao Wang , Xianli Huang , Jianping He

As integral constituents of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), separator not only segregate positive and negative electrodes but also wield significant influence over electrochemical performance enhancement. Here, we present a hydroxyapatite nanowires composite separator (N-HAP@PE) by blade coating, boasting exceptional Na-ion transport capacity and high safety. The N-HAP@PE separator features a crosslinked ceramic network structure coating endowed with polar functional groups (-OH), providing excellent electrolyte wettability. Its compatibility with ester-based electrolytes promotes efficient transport of Na-ion between the cathode and anode, increasing the ion conductivity (0.215 mS cm⁻¹) and a Na-ion transference number (0.62). Importantly, the sodiophilic HAP-NWs coating enables highly reversible Na plating and stripping while inhibiting dendrite formation. Ultimately, the N-HAP@PE separator assembled with NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode (areal density: 13.24 mg cm⁻²) and hard carbon anode (areal density: 6.3 mg cm⁻²), exhibits excellent capacity retention (85 %) after 200 cycles at 2C. This offers a new approach for the development of high-performance and low-cost sodium-ion batteries.

作为钠离子电池（SIB）的重要组成部分，隔膜不仅能隔离正负电极，还对电化学性能的提高具有重要影响。在这里，我们通过叶片涂层展示了一种羟基磷灰石纳米线复合隔膜（N-HAP@PE），它具有优异的钠离子传输能力和高安全性。N-HAP@PE 分离器的特点是具有极性官能团（-OH）的交联陶瓷网络结构涂层，可提供出色的电解质润湿性。它与酯基电解质的兼容性促进了 Na 离子在阴极和阳极之间的高效传输，提高了离子电导率（0.215 mS cm-1）和 Na 离子转移数（0.62）。重要的是，亲钠的 HAP-NWs 涂层能够实现高度可逆的 Na 镀层和剥离，同时抑制枝晶的形成。最终，N-HAP@PE 分离器与 NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 阴极（平均密度：13.24 毫克/厘米-2）和硬碳阳极（平均密度：6.3 毫克/厘米-2）组装在一起，在 2C 温度下循环 200 次后显示出优异的容量保持率（85%）。这为开发高性能、低成本的钠离子电池提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

An ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte for improved cycle life and safety of silicon-graphite/NMC (Ni = 80–83 %) high-energy lithium-ion battery cells 用于提高硅石墨/NMC（Ni = 80-83%）高能锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性的碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸丙烯酯电解质

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235778

Balasubramaniyan Rajagopalan , Mélanie Pichardo , Iratxe de Meatza , Irina Profatilova , Urtzi Osa , Susan Sananes-Israel , Elie Paillard

High energy Silicon-Carbon (Si-C) electrodes have been paired with ‘high Nickel’ NMC cathodes and used to optimize a ‘linear alkyl carbonate-free’ electrolyte. The optimization was conducted via the screening of 23 electrolyte formulations using two sets of silicone carbon composite electrodes in coin cells. The best electrolyte formulation was then ‘validated’ in a setting closer to their final application, using single layer pouch cells and a commercial surfactant coated separator to solve the wetting issue met with this family of electrolytes with both conventional and ceramic coated separators. Despite its lower rate capability above 1C, this electrolyte allows a 45 % increase of the capacity retention in pouch cell with a 9 % Si-C-based anode and a NMC83 cathode. The safety of the electrolyte is also improved markedly. During cycling up to 4.3V and 5.0V, the total volume of hydrogen evolved was reduced more than 3.6 times over 3 cycles for the electrolyte free of linear carbonates. In fine, accelerating rate calorimetry shows that the use of these electrolytes improves the overall cell safety for this electrolyte, which shows that, for high energy applications, EC/PC electrolytes with the right additive combination can allow both longer cycle life and improved safety.

高能硅碳（Si-C）电极与 "高镍 "NMC 阴极配对，用于优化 "不含线性烷基碳酸盐 "的电解液。优化工作通过在纽扣电池中使用两组硅碳复合电极对 23 种电解液配方进行筛选。然后，使用单层袋式电池和商用表面活性剂涂层隔膜，在更接近其最终应用的环境中 "验证 "了最佳电解质配方，以解决该系列电解质在传统和陶瓷涂层隔膜中遇到的润湿问题。尽管这种电解液在 1C 以上的速率能力较低，但在使用 9% 碳化硅阳极和 NMC83 阴极的袋式电池中，其容量保持率提高了 45%。电解液的安全性也显著提高。在高达 4.3V 和 5.0V 的循环过程中，不含线性碳酸盐的电解液在 3 个循环中的氢气挥发总量减少了 3.6 倍以上。此外，加速度热量测定法显示，使用这些电解质可提高该电解质的整体电池安全性，这表明，对于高能量应用而言，采用适当添加剂组合的 EC/PC 电解质可延长循环寿命并提高安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous achievement of high energy storage density and ultrahigh efficiency in BCZT-based relaxor ceramics at moderate electric field 基于 BCZT 的弛豫器陶瓷在中等电场下同时实现高储能密度和超高效率

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235846

Santan Dang , Yaqiong Sun , Zhanhui Peng , Tianyi Yang , Yuanhao Wang , Qizhen Chai , Di Wu , Pengfei Liang , Lingling Wei , Xiaolian Chao , Zupei Yang

The development of high-performance energy storage dielectric materials is the key to the development of large capacity ceramic capacitor. How to obtain the high energy storage density and efficiency of dielectric materials is the basis. Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Zr_0.1Ti_0.9O₃ (BCZT) has high energy storage potential as a typical piezoelectric material, but it shows poor energy storage properties due to low breakdown electric field and large remnant polarization. In this work, we propose a combined optimization strategy aimed at enhancing the comprehensive energy storage performance of BCZT-based ceramics through doping with bismuth-based oxides. The diverse phase morphology offers substantial potential for modifying the electrical properties of BCZT-based ceramics. Electrical homogeneity is markedly improved with the incorporation of Bi_2/3(Al_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ (BAN), which is accompanied by a reduction in long-range ferroelectric phases and the emergence of polar nanoregions. Ultimately, optimal BCZT-xBAN ceramics with x = 0.09 exhibit superior energy storage performances (W_rec ∼ 3.71 J/cm³, η ∼ 94.54 %) under moderate electric fields. Furthermore, BCZT-0.09BAN ceramics demonstrate commendable fatigue endurance, frequency stability, and temperature stability characteristics; notably achieving an ultrafast discharge rate of t_0.9–14.6 ns alongside excellent discharge properties (C_D ∼ 1278.66 A/cm², P_D ∼ 191.80 MW/cm³, W_D ∼ 1.57 J/cm³).

开发高性能储能介质材料是发展大容量陶瓷电容器的关键。如何获得高储能密度和效率的介电材料是基础。作为一种典型的压电材料，Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3（BCZT）具有很高的储能潜力，但由于击穿电场低、残余极化大，储能性能较差。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种组合优化策略，旨在通过掺杂铋基氧化物来提高 BCZT 基陶瓷的综合储能性能。多样化的相形态为改变 BCZT 基陶瓷的电性能提供了巨大潜力。在掺入 Bi2/3(Al1/2Nb1/2)O3（BAN）后，电均匀性明显改善，同时长程铁电相减少，极性纳米区域出现。最终，x = 0.09 的最佳 BCZT-xBAN 陶瓷在中等电场下表现出卓越的储能性能（Wrec ∼ 3.71 J/cm3，η ∼ 94.54 %）。此外，BCZT-0.09BAN 陶瓷还表现出令人称道的疲劳耐久性、频率稳定性和温度稳定性特性；特别是实现了 t0.9-14.6 ns 的超快放电速率，同时还具有优异的放电特性（CD ∼ 1278.66 A/cm2, PD ∼ 191.80 MW/cm3, WD ∼ 1.57 J/cm3）。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stability of valuable metals in lithium-ion battery cathode materials: Temperature range 100–400 °C 锂离子电池正极材料中贵金属的热稳定性：温度范围 100-400 °C

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235795

Nikola Klusoňová , Eliška Sedláčková , Jan Kočí , Dominik Pilnaj , Karolína Pánová , Jonáš Uřičář , Václav Procházka , Kristýna Jílková , Anna Pražanová , Martin Havlík Míka

Lithium is crucial in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), serving as a main component of the electrolyte and cathode. Elements such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese are also vital for high performance, energy density, and stability. This study aimed to examine the behaviour of end-of-life cathode material (LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂) and its valuable metals after exposure to temperatures between 100 and 400 °C, comparing it with untreated material. The lithium content cannot be reliably determined by conventional analytical methods, so inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was chosen for this purpose. For ICP-OES measurements, samples were dissolved in different solvents for a specified time, and the concentrations of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt were measured. From the measured values, their theoretical yields were calculated. Due to the annealing at given temperatures and subsequent dissolution, this step can be considered as the first stage of the pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical process used in battery recycling. The study was complemented by further analyses to monitor the effect of annealing temperatures on the properties of the material. Based on the results, it was found that the highest theoretical yield in this temperature range was for material annealed at 400 °C and dissolved in 20 % nitric acid for 4 h.

锂在锂离子电池（LIB）中至关重要，是电解质和阴极的主要成分。钴、镍和锰等元素对于电池的高性能、能量密度和稳定性也至关重要。本研究旨在考察报废正极材料（LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2）及其有价金属在暴露于 100 至 400 °C 温度后的表现，并将其与未经处理的材料进行比较。传统的分析方法无法可靠地测定锂含量，因此选择了电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱法（ICP-OES）。在进行 ICP-OES 测量时，将样品溶解在不同的溶剂中一段时间，然后测量锂、镍、锰和钴的浓度。根据测量值计算出它们的理论产量。由于在给定温度下进行退火和随后的溶解，这一步骤可被视为电池回收中使用的火法冶金-湿法冶金工艺的第一阶段。这项研究还得到了进一步分析的补充，以监测退火温度对材料特性的影响。研究结果表明，在 400 °C 下退火并在 20% 硝酸中溶解 4 小时的材料，其理论产量在该温度范围内最高。

{"title":"Thermal stability of valuable metals in lithium-ion battery cathode materials: Temperature range 100–400 °C","authors":"Nikola Klusoňová , Eliška Sedláčková , Jan Kočí , Dominik Pilnaj , Karolína Pánová , Jonáš Uřičář , Václav Procházka , Kristýna Jílková , Anna Pražanová , Martin Havlík Míka","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium is crucial in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), serving as a main component of the electrolyte and cathode. Elements such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese are also vital for high performance, energy density, and stability. This study aimed to examine the behaviour of end-of-life cathode material (LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and its valuable metals after exposure to temperatures between 100 and 400 °C, comparing it with untreated material. The lithium content cannot be reliably determined by conventional analytical methods, so inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was chosen for this purpose. For ICP-OES measurements, samples were dissolved in different solvents for a specified time, and the concentrations of lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt were measured. From the measured values, their theoretical yields were calculated. Due to the annealing at given temperatures and subsequent dissolution, this step can be considered as the first stage of the pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical process used in battery recycling. The study was complemented by further analyses to monitor the effect of annealing temperatures on the properties of the material. Based on the results, it was found that the highest theoretical yield in this temperature range was for material annealed at 400 °C and dissolved in 20 % nitric acid for 4 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"627 ","pages":"Article 235795"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanostructure engineering of cobalt-nickel glycerate (CoNi-G) spheres as anodes for constructing high-performance lithium-ion capacitors 甘油酸钴镍（CoNi-G）球的纳米结构工程，作为构建高性能锂离子电容器的阳极

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Power Sources

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235838

Ai-Jun Jiao , You-Kang Duan , Zhi-Wei Li , Shi-Chun Zhang , Yong-Ming Zhang , Tong Su , Zhen-Hai Fu

Electrode materials with heterogeneous structure and favorable morphology can increase the contact with the electrolyte while accelerating the ion transport. Here, we prepared Co₂NiO₄/NiO solid spheres and CoNi₂S₄ hollow spheres by high-temperature calcined oxidation and solvent-thermal vulcanization, with cobalt-nickel glycerate (CoNi-G) solid spheres as precursors, respectively. The specific capacities of Co₂NiO₄/NiO and CoNi₂S₄ as anodes after 170 and 570 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹ are 1260.9 mAh g⁻¹ and 495.0 mAh g⁻¹ respectively, and even after 3000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹, their specific capacities can reach 168.9 mAh g⁻¹ and 211.1 mAh g⁻¹ respectively. The initial specific capacities of both materials are higher, but the solid structure is more stable than the hollow structure. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that the constructed Co₂NiO₄/NiO heterojunction has reduced Li⁺ embedding formation energy and enhanced conductivity. Finally, the assembled Co₂NiO₄/NiO//AC and CoNi₂S₄//AC lithium-ion capacitors have maximum energy densities of 106.7 Wh kg⁻¹ and 73.6 Wh kg⁻¹ (at 205 W kg⁻¹ and 95 W kg⁻¹), and maximum power densities of 20.5 kW kg⁻¹ and 19.0 kW kg⁻¹ (at 10.8 Wh kg⁻¹ and 19.5 Wh kg⁻¹). Improved electrode structures via precursor treatments enhance lithium-ion capacitors performance, suggesting new avenues for material research.

具有异质结构和良好形貌的电极材料可以增加与电解质的接触，同时加速离子传输。在此，我们以甘油酸钴-镍（CoNi-G）固态球为前驱体，分别采用高温煅烧氧化法和溶剂热硫化法制备了Co2NiO4/NiO固态球和CoNi2S4空心球。Co2NiO4/NiO 和 CoNi2S4 作为阳极，在 0.1 A g-1 下循环 170 次和 570 次后，比容量分别为 1260.9 mAh g-1 和 495.0 mAh g-1，即使在 2 A g-1 下循环 3000 次后，比容量也分别达到 168.9 mAh g-1 和 211.1 mAh g-1。两种材料的初始比容量都较高，但实心结构比空心结构更稳定。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，所构建的 Co2NiO4/NiO 异质结具有更低的 Li+ 嵌入形成能和更高的导电性。最后，组装好的 Co2NiO4/NiO//AC 和 CoNi2S4//AC 锂离子电容器的最大能量密度分别为 106.7 Wh kg-1 和 73.6 Wh kg-1（205 W kg-1 和 95 W kg-1），最大功率密度分别为 20.5 kW kg-1 和 19.0 kW kg-1（10.8 Wh kg-1 和 19.5 Wh kg-1）。通过前驱体处理改进电极结构可提高锂离子电容器的性能，为材料研究提供了新的途径。

{"title":"Nanostructure engineering of cobalt-nickel glycerate (CoNi-G) spheres as anodes for constructing high-performance lithium-ion capacitors","authors":"Ai-Jun Jiao , You-Kang Duan , Zhi-Wei Li , Shi-Chun Zhang , Yong-Ming Zhang , Tong Su , Zhen-Hai Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrode materials with heterogeneous structure and favorable morphology can increase the contact with the electrolyte while accelerating the ion transport. Here, we prepared Co<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>/NiO solid spheres and CoNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> hollow spheres by high-temperature calcined oxidation and solvent-thermal vulcanization, with cobalt-nickel glycerate (CoNi-G) solid spheres as precursors, respectively. The specific capacities of Co<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>/NiO and CoNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> as anodes after 170 and 570 cycles at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup> are 1260.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and 495.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> respectively, and even after 3000 cycles at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, their specific capacities can reach 168.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and 211.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> respectively. The initial specific capacities of both materials are higher, but the solid structure is more stable than the hollow structure. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that the constructed Co<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>/NiO heterojunction has reduced Li<sup>+</sup> embedding formation energy and enhanced conductivity. Finally, the assembled Co<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub>/NiO//AC and CoNi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>//AC lithium-ion capacitors have maximum energy densities of 106.7 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 73.6 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> (at 205 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and 95 W kg<sup>−1</sup>), and maximum power densities of 20.5 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> and 19.0 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> (at 10.8 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 19.5 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>). Improved electrode structures via precursor treatments enhance lithium-ion capacitors performance, suggesting new avenues for material research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"627 ","pages":"Article 235838"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0