Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity among children and adolescents in China—Findings from China Health and Nutrition Survey

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pediatric Obesity Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1111/ijpo.70012

Ming Li, Zumin Shi

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Abstract

Background

Children and adolescents are increasingly exposed to processed food in China, however, its association with obesity has not been investigated.

Objectives

To assess the consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) and its association with overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in China.

Methods

A total of 3437 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years, participating at least twice in the China Nutrition and Health Survey, were included. Food intake was collected using a 3-day 24-h dietary recall method at home visits. Body weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured during the survey. UPF was defined by food process levels using NOVA classification. Overweight/obesity was defined by the international age- and sex-specific BMI and WC cut-offs. The association between UPF consumption and overweight/obesity was assessed using mixed effect logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographic, economic, behavioural, dietary and health factors.

Results

The mean daily UPF consumption of the study population (mean age 9.3 years) increased from 9.7 in 1997 to 60.0 grams in 2011. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) for overweight/obesity (using BMI) for UPF consumption of 0, 1–49, 50–99 and ≥ 100 g/day were 1.00, 1.38 (0.98–1.94), 2.01 (1.25–3.24) and 1.53 (0.82–2.86), respectively (p-trend =0.013). Similarly, the corresponding adjusted ORs (95% CI) for central obesity (using WC) were 1.00, 1.84 (1.30–2.60), 2.13 (1.30–3.48) and 2.15 (1.14–4.05) (p-trend<0.001).

Conclusions

Higher long-term UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in China.

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中国儿童和青少年的超加工食品消费与肥胖——中国健康与营养调查结果

背景：在中国，儿童和青少年越来越多地接触加工食品，然而，其与肥胖的关系尚未得到调查。目的：评估中国儿童和青少年超加工食品（UPF）的消费及其与超重/肥胖的关系。方法：选取至少两次参加中国营养与健康调查的3437名6-18岁儿童和青少年为研究对象。采用3天24小时家访饮食回忆法收集食物摄入量。在调查中测量了体重、身高和腰围（WC）。UPF由食品加工水平定义，使用NOVA分类。超重/肥胖由国际年龄和性别特定的BMI和WC截断值定义。UPF消费与超重/肥胖之间的关系采用混合效应逻辑回归分析进行评估，调整了社会人口、经济、行为、饮食和健康因素。结果：研究人群（平均年龄9.3岁）的平均每日UPF摄入量从1997年的9.7克增加到2011年的60.0克。UPF摄入量为0、1-49、50-99和≥100 g/d时，超重/肥胖（使用BMI）的校正优势比（OR）（95% CI）分别为1.00、1.38（0.98-1.94）、2.01（1.25-3.24）和1.53 (0.82-2.86)（p-trend =0.013）。同样，中心性肥胖（使用WC）的相应调整后的or （95% CI）分别为1.00、1.84（1.30-2.60）、2.13（1.30-3.48）和2.15 (1.14-4.05)（p趋势）。结论：中国儿童和青少年长期UPF摄入量较高与超重/肥胖风险增加相关。

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来源期刊

Pediatric Obesity PEDIATRICS-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.30%

发文量

117

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Pediatric Obesity is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal devoted to research into obesity during childhood and adolescence. The topic is currently at the centre of intense interest in the scientific community, and is of increasing concern to health policy-makers and the public at large. Pediatric Obesity has established itself as the leading journal for high quality papers in this field, including, but not limited to, the following: Genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of obesity – basic, applied and clinical studies relating to mechanisms of the development of obesity throughout the life course and the consequent effects of obesity on health outcomes Metabolic consequences of child and adolescent obesity Epidemiological and population-based studies of child and adolescent overweight and obesity Measurement and diagnostic issues in assessing child and adolescent adiposity, physical activity and nutrition Clinical management of children and adolescents with obesity including studies of treatment and prevention Co-morbidities linked to child and adolescent obesity – mechanisms, assessment, and treatment Life-cycle factors eg familial, intrauterine and developmental aspects of child and adolescent obesity Nutrition security and the "double burden" of obesity and malnutrition Health promotion strategies around the issues of obesity, nutrition and physical activity in children and adolescents Community and public health measures to prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.