Growth characteristics, optimal harvest timing, and quality assessment of three Evodia species cultivated in Japan.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Journal of Natural Medicines Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1007/s11418-025-01886-7
Koji Sugimura, Raju Aedla, Hiroyuki Fuchino, Osamu Iida, Takashi Watanabe
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Abstract

Immature Evodia fruits are used in herbal medicine for their analgesic properties; however, determining the appropriate time for harvesting these fruits remains challenging. Here, we investigated the growth characteristics and optimal timing for collecting the immature fruits of three Evodia species-E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., E. officinalis Dode, and E. hupehensis Dode-cultivated at the Tanegashima Division of the Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, Japan. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine content in the three species were measured across different collection seasons, and the relationship between time elapsed from the start of flowering and the levels of these active ingredients was determined. We found that the optimal time to collect the immature fruits of E. officinalis for use in herbal medicine was 2 weeks after flowering, when the fruit was heavier, contained more active ingredients, and had not yet dehisced. E. rutaecarpa fruits were heavier, contained more active ingredients, and retained their color (orange) until 3 weeks post-flowering. This suggests that the optimal collection time varied among species. Overall, E. rutaecarpa was the most suitable species for cultivation in Japan for use in herbal medicines because its optimal collection time was easier to determine, and its pericarp and seeds did not separate during drying. Therefore, to efficiently harvest Evodia fruits, cultivation methods should be optimized to leverage the specific growth characteristics of each species, with particular emphasis on accurately determining the optimal harvest time.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
3.00%
发文量
79
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Natural Medicines is an international journal publishing original research in naturally occurring medicines and their related foods and cosmetics. It covers: -chemistry of natural products -biochemistry of medicinal plants -pharmacology of natural products and herbs, including Kampo formulas and traditional herbs -botanical anatomy -cultivation of medicinal plants. The journal accepts Original Papers, Notes, Rapid Communications and Natural Resource Letters. Reviews and Mini-Reviews are generally invited.
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