The Effect of Different pH and Temperature Values on Ca2+, F-, PO43-, OH-, Si, and Sr2+ Release from Different Bioactive Restorative Dental Materials: An In Vitro Study.

Abstract

Bioactive restorative materials are crucial for promoting remineralization and protecting dental tissues through ion release. This study examines how pH and temperature influence the short- and long-term ion (F^-, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, OH^-, Si, and PO₄^3-) release from seven commercial materials: Cention Forte Filling Material, Cention Primer, Stela Self Cure, Riva Light Cure HV, Riva Self Cure, Equia Forte HT Fil, and Fuji IX GP Fast. Disks were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions; immersed in buffer solutions at pH 4.8, 6.8, and 8.8; and stored at 37 °C and 44 °C. Ion release was measured after 1, 7, and 28 days using ion chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results revealed that ion release was significantly affected by pH, temperature, and exposure time. The highest fluoride (40.14 ± 0.32 mg/L) and calcium (74.23 ± 0.37 mg/L) releases were observed in Riva Light Cure at pH 4.8 and 44 °C after 28 days, with the highest strontium release (5.87 ± 0.06 mg/L) occurring under the same conditions. In contrast, silicon release peaked in Cention Forte Filling (31.72 ± 0.68 mg/L) at pH 4.8 and 37 °C. These findings highlight the impact of environmental factors on material performance, assisting clinicians in selecting optimal restorative materials for long-term dental health.