Increased phenotypic diversity as a consequence of ecological opportunity in the island radiation of Sulawesi ricefishes (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae).

IF 2.3 Q2 ECOLOGY BMC ecology and evolution Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1186/s12862-025-02355-1
Jan Möhring, Sebastian Hüllen, Sebastian Martin, Daniel F Mokodongan, Daisy Wowor, Julia Schwarzer, Fabian Herder
{"title":"Increased phenotypic diversity as a consequence of ecological opportunity in the island radiation of Sulawesi ricefishes (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae).","authors":"Jan Möhring, Sebastian Hüllen, Sebastian Martin, Daniel F Mokodongan, Daisy Wowor, Julia Schwarzer, Fabian Herder","doi":"10.1186/s12862-025-02355-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecological opportunity is considered a main driver of adaptive diversification. Colonization of new areas and habitats provides novel opportunities, which may lead to phenotypic change and rapid diversification. The geographically isolated island Sulawesi in Indonesia hosts numerous endemic radiations. The ricefish family Adrianichthyidae is the most speciose of the few exclusively freshwater-dwelling fish lineages that colonized the tropical island. While the family's distribution includes large parts of Asia, the monophyletic lineage endemic to Sulawesi comprises more than half of all species described, with conspicuous morphological diversity. Using shape and size as proxies for phenotypic and ecological diversity, we first test the hypothesis that Sulawesi ricefishes are more diverse than non-Sulawesi species. We then ask if adaptation to alternative macrohabitats, namely rivers and lakes, can explain phenotypic diversification. We find that Sulawesi ricefishes exhibit greater disparity in body and head shape than non-Sulawesi ricefishes. By including phylogenomic data, we demonstrate that shape diversity in Sulawesi evolved along multiple trajectories, with reduced phylogenetic influence. Changes in body depth and head elongation are prominent, indicating distinct ecological drivers. In particular, body depth evolves along the river-lake axis, and lake species are more diverse compared to riverine ricefishes. In some lacustrine species, pronounced changes in head shape, a trait commonly associated with feeding in fishes, suggest trophic adaptation. Rates of phenotype evolution are higher in the Sulawesi lineages, in particular in lacustrine species. Lastly, we identified opposing trends in size evolution, with generally larger bodies in Sulawesi and repeated miniaturization in non-Sulawesi species. Our results indicate that ecological opportunity greatly influenced the observed phenotype diversity. Low diversity of freshwater fish lineages created environments with reduced competition, whereas additional factors, such as the island's complex geological history, created diverse habitats. As reflected in very localized endemism, species diversity is possibly also driven by long-term spatial isolation, which alone however offers insufficient explanation for the increase in phenotypic disparity. Taken together, ecological opportunity was a dominant driver of the phenotypic diversification of Sulawesi ricefishes, potentially complemented by past introgressive hybridization events and small-scale spatial isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93910,"journal":{"name":"BMC ecology and evolution","volume":"25 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900528/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC ecology and evolution","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02355-1","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ecological opportunity is considered a main driver of adaptive diversification. Colonization of new areas and habitats provides novel opportunities, which may lead to phenotypic change and rapid diversification. The geographically isolated island Sulawesi in Indonesia hosts numerous endemic radiations. The ricefish family Adrianichthyidae is the most speciose of the few exclusively freshwater-dwelling fish lineages that colonized the tropical island. While the family's distribution includes large parts of Asia, the monophyletic lineage endemic to Sulawesi comprises more than half of all species described, with conspicuous morphological diversity. Using shape and size as proxies for phenotypic and ecological diversity, we first test the hypothesis that Sulawesi ricefishes are more diverse than non-Sulawesi species. We then ask if adaptation to alternative macrohabitats, namely rivers and lakes, can explain phenotypic diversification. We find that Sulawesi ricefishes exhibit greater disparity in body and head shape than non-Sulawesi ricefishes. By including phylogenomic data, we demonstrate that shape diversity in Sulawesi evolved along multiple trajectories, with reduced phylogenetic influence. Changes in body depth and head elongation are prominent, indicating distinct ecological drivers. In particular, body depth evolves along the river-lake axis, and lake species are more diverse compared to riverine ricefishes. In some lacustrine species, pronounced changes in head shape, a trait commonly associated with feeding in fishes, suggest trophic adaptation. Rates of phenotype evolution are higher in the Sulawesi lineages, in particular in lacustrine species. Lastly, we identified opposing trends in size evolution, with generally larger bodies in Sulawesi and repeated miniaturization in non-Sulawesi species. Our results indicate that ecological opportunity greatly influenced the observed phenotype diversity. Low diversity of freshwater fish lineages created environments with reduced competition, whereas additional factors, such as the island's complex geological history, created diverse habitats. As reflected in very localized endemism, species diversity is possibly also driven by long-term spatial isolation, which alone however offers insufficient explanation for the increase in phenotypic disparity. Taken together, ecological opportunity was a dominant driver of the phenotypic diversification of Sulawesi ricefishes, potentially complemented by past introgressive hybridization events and small-scale spatial isolation.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Mutations in the signal peptide of effector gene Pi04314 contribute to the adaptive evolution of the Phytophthora infestans. Short-distance seed and pollen dispersal in both hunted and intact forests in the lower canopy African rainforest tree, Coula edulis Baill. (Coulaceae). Confronting cultures: northern Madagascar's cultural beliefs and the relationship of owls and humans. Increased phenotypic diversity as a consequence of ecological opportunity in the island radiation of Sulawesi ricefishes (Teleostei: Adrianichthyidae). Phylogeny and species delimitation of ciliates in the genus Spirostomum (class Heterotrichea) using single-cell transcriptomes.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1