Being heard, restoring a social connection and decreasing anger: Adult patients’ perceptions of clinical services addressing violent extremism in Montreal, Canada

Abstract

Background

Growing social polarization and ideological radicalization contribute to an increased risk of violence, particularly among vulnerable individuals experiencing despair and marginalization. Understanding the subjective experiences of individuals involved in violent extremism (VE) can inform the development of effective clinical and social interventions that promote disengagement and reintegration. Despite increasing efforts to address VE through tertiary prevention programs, little research has examined how individuals perceive these interventions and their impact on well-being and social reintegration.

Methods

This qualitative study explores the perspectives of individuals receiving VE prevention services in Montreal, Canada. Using a phenomenological framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants (17 men and 1 woman; ages 17–72, mean = 32) referred by a specialized clinical team. Participation was voluntary, with confidentiality safeguards. Interviews were conducted in English or French, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using an inductive coding approach.

Findings

Three key themes emerged. (1) Being Heard – Participants highlighted the therapeutic alliance, emphasizing the importance of being listened to without judgment and feeling respected by clinicians. (2) Restoring Social Connection – Engagement in services helped individuals re-establish social ties, navigate interpersonal conflicts, and reduce isolation. (3) Emotional Regulation and Decreased Anger – Participants reported improved emotional control, reduced distress, and a shift away from violent impulses. While some retained ideological beliefs, they no longer viewed violence as a viable option.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the role of clinical interventions in addressing social marginalization and distress among individuals at risk of VE. A trauma-informed, non-judgmental, and relationship-based approach appears central to fostering trust, reducing distress, and supporting disengagement. These results highlight the need for interdisciplinary models that integrate mental health, social services, and policy interventions to prevent violence and reintegrate individuals into society.