Low interactive direct position determination of radio emitters with hybrid measurements

Abstract

This paper proposes a direct position determination (DPD) method for stationary and moving non-cooperative sources. Employing an unbalanced group of measurements consisting of uncompressed measurements at the central receiver and compressed measurements from all other auxiliary receivers, the method estimates the source position directly in the hybrid measurement domain without original signal recovering, where the compressing matrix is not restricted to any specific form. A block coordinate descent (BCD)-like iterative algorithm is proposed to handle the high-dimensional optimization problem of joint position and velocity estimation for moving emitters, where a generalized cross ambiguity function (GCAF) is proposed to extract the time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) parameters from the hybrid measurements to initialize the iteration process. In addition, the hybrid measurements-based Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for emitter position is derived for performance evaluation. Several numerical case studies are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed DPD method as well as the proposed GCAF. The proposed method is expected to extend the applicability of compressive sensing (CS)-based DPD to cases where there is relative radial motion between the source.