Does outdoor air pollution cause poor semen quality? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 1.9 3区医学 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY BMC Urology Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1186/s12894-025-01728-4

Ria Margiana, Hasanain Abdulhameed Odhar, Kdv Prasad, Enwa Felix Oghenemaro, Rekha M M, Rohit Kumawat, Subasini Uthirapathy, Shilpa Sharma, M Ravi Kumar, Mehran Nouri

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Abstract

Introduction: It is hypothesized that air pollutants could be associated with semen parameters. This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to reach a firm conclusion regarding the possible association between outdoor air pollution and semen parameters among the adult population.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched using the text keywords and MeSH terms, including "air pollution" and "semen parameters,". The population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework was used as follows: P (Adult men), I (Individuals with the highest exposure to the air pollutants), C (Individuals with the lowest exposure to the air pollutants), O [Semen parameters, including semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, normal morphology rate, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI)]. The overall effect was presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) analyzed via a fixed (inverse-variance) or random (DerSimonian-Laird) weighted model. Low, moderate, and high heterogeneity were defined as I² index < 40, 40-75, and > 75%, respectively.

Results: Seventeen studies covering 24,065 participants were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Higher exposure to outdoor air pollution was associated with significant decreases in semen volume (WMD: -0.13 mL; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.05; P = 0.001; I² = 32.1%), sperm concentration (WMD: -12.41 × 10⁶/mL; 95% CI, -23.29 to -1.53; P = 0.03; I² = 98.7%), total motility (WMD: -5.96%; 95% CI, -10.76 to -1.16; P = 0.01; I² = 96.2%), progressive motility (WMD: -4.89%; 95% CI, -9.23 to -0.55; P = 0.03; I² = 98.0%), normal morphology rate (WMD: -2.64%; 95% CI, -4.36 to -0.92; P = 0.003; I² = 94.6%), and significant increases in DNA fragmentation index (WMD: 5.41%; 95% CI, 3.24 to 7.59; P < 0.001; I² = 70.4%).

Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that air pollution can impair sperm parameters. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to illuminate this issue and clarify the underlying mechanisms.

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室外空气污染会导致精液质量差吗？系统回顾和荟萃分析。

本文假设空气污染物可能与精液参数有关。本研究对观察性研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以得出关于室外空气污染与成人精液参数之间可能存在关联的确切结论。方法：系统检索PubMed、Scopus和ISI Web of Science的文本关键词和MeSH术语，包括“空气污染”和“精液参数”。采用人群、干预、比较和结果（PICO）框架：P（成年男性），I（空气污染物暴露程度最高的个体），C（空气污染物暴露程度最低的个体），O[精液参数，包括精液体积、总精子数、精子浓度、总活动力、渐进活动力、正常形态率和DNA片段化指数（DFI）]。总体效果以加权平均差（WMD）表示，95%置信区间（CI）通过固定（反方差）或随机（dersimonan - laird）加权模型进行分析。低、中、高异质性分别定义为I2指数75%。结果：17项研究纳入了24,065名参与者，纳入了本系统综述和荟萃分析。高暴露于室外空气污染与精液量显著减少相关(WMD: -0.13 mL；95% CI, -0.21 ~ -0.05；p = 0.001；I2 = 32.1%)，精子浓度(WMD: -12.41 × 106/mL；95% CI, -23.29 ~ -1.53；p = 0.03；I2 = 98.7%)，总运动性(WMD: -5.96%；95% CI, -10.76 ~ -1.16；p = 0.01；I2 = 96.2%)，进行性运动(WMD: -4.89%；95% CI, -9.23 ~ -0.55；p = 0.03；I2 = 98.0%)，正常形态率(WMD: -2.64%；95% CI, -4.36 ~ -0.92；p = 0.003；I2 = 94.6%)， DNA片段化指数显著升高(WMD: 5.41%；95% CI, 3.24 ~ 7.59；p 2 = 70.4%)。结论：空气污染对精子参数有一定的影响。需要进一步的前瞻性队列研究来阐明这一问题并阐明其潜在机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMC Urology UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

177

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Urology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of urological disorders, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. The journal considers manuscripts in the following broad subject-specific sections of urology: Endourology and technology Epidemiology and health outcomes Pediatric urology Pre-clinical and basic research Reconstructive urology Sexual function and fertility Urological imaging Urological oncology Voiding dysfunction Case reports.