Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil and Kojic Acid Combinations.

IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Current Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1007/s00284-025-04175-4
Damla Kırcı, Özge Özşen Batur, Betül Demirci, Fatih Demirci
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil (TTO) is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, attributed primarily to its major constituent, terpinen-4-ol. Kojic acid, a well-established compound used mainly in cosmetic formulations, exhibits potent antioxidant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. In this study, the antimicrobial potential of commercial Pharmacopoeia-grade TTO was evaluated with kojic acid and terpinen-4-ol combinations. The quality of TTO was confirmed through GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, where terpinen-4-ol was the major component (44.4%). In vitro antimicrobial assays were performed against human pathogens including Candida utilis, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium. Notably, all tested samples demonstrated activity against S. Typhimurium. Kojic acid combined with TTO showed a synergistic effect, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.266, while the combination of kojic acid and terpinen-4-ol showed an even stronger synergistic effect (FICI: 0.039). The combination of TTO and terpinen-4-ol produced an additive effect (FICI: 0.508). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the combined effectiveness of TTO and kojic acid against S. Typhimurium. The synergistic activity observed with the combination of terpinen-4-ol and kojic acid highlights its potential as an antimicrobial for a therapeutic strategy, after safety evaluations.

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来源期刊
Current Microbiology
Current Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.80%
发文量
380
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Current Microbiology is a well-established journal that publishes articles in all aspects of microbial cells and the interactions between the microorganisms, their hosts and the environment. Current Microbiology publishes original research articles, short communications, reviews and letters to the editor, spanning the following areas: physiology, biochemistry, genetics, genomics, biotechnology, ecology, evolution, morphology, taxonomy, diagnostic methods, medical and clinical microbiology and immunology as applied to microorganisms.
期刊最新文献
Elucidating the Microsatellite Signature of the Tri-Partite Genomes of the Viral Family Peribunyaviridae. Genetic Diversity in Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Among Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa in India. Statistical Optimization of Exopolysaccharide and Biomass Production by Mangrove Fungi Fusarium equiseti ANP2 and its Potential Application as Bioemulsifier and Chelator. Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil and Kojic Acid Combinations. Description of Cytobacillus Mangrovibacter sp. nov., and Cytobacillus Spartinae sp. nov., Isolated from Mangrove Sediment.
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