Formation mechanisms of primary school teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors in smart classroom environments.

IF 2.7 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY BMC Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02592-5
Ge Hou
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors play a important role in enhancing student engagement, motivation, and emotional security. However, as the role of smart classrooms in education becomes increasingly prominent, research on the formation mechanisms of teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors in smart classroom environments remains relatively limited. Especially, at the primary grades, research on teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors has not yet garnered sufficient attention.

Methods: This study integrates the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with the norm activation model (NAM) to propose a theoretical model for teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors in smart classroom environments. Using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, 855 Chinese primary school teachers with extensive experience in smart classroom instruction were selected as participants. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey and analyzed employing structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses empirically.

Results: This study finds that teachers' verbal immediacy behavioral attitude, perceived behavior control (PBC), personal norms (PC) and subjective norms (SN) have significant positive effects on teachers' verbal immediacy behavioral intention. Awareness of consequences (AC) had significant positive effects on ascription of responsibility (AR), teachers' verbal immediacy behavioral attitude. In addition, Smart classroom environments have a moderating effect on the relationship between the teachers' verbal immediacy intention and their verbal immediacy behaviors.

Conclusion: This study integrates the TPB and the NAM to explore the formation mechanisms of teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors in smart classroom environments, revealing the positive influence of smart classroom environments on these behaviors.

Implications: The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding primary school teachers' verbal behaviors in smart classrooms and offer valuable insights for optimizing the design of smart classrooms and enhancing teaching effectiveness in educational practice.

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来源期刊
BMC Psychology
BMC Psychology Psychology-Psychology (all)
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
2.80%
发文量
265
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Psychology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychology, human behavior and the mind, including developmental, clinical, cognitive, experimental, health and social psychology, as well as personality and individual differences. The journal welcomes quantitative and qualitative research methods, including animal studies.
期刊最新文献
Correction: Psychological distress among cancer patients in African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Depressive symptoms among resettled Bhutanese older adults in Ohio: a cross-sectional study. Formation mechanisms of primary school teachers' verbal immediacy behaviors in smart classroom environments. Influence of the pandemic on the mental health of professional workers. More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation.
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