Clinically Significant Functional Impairments and Symptoms in COVID-19 Survivors: Empirical Research Quantitative.

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 survivors may experience complex, distressing and persistent symptoms, referred to as long COVID, lasting months or years after diagnosis. More evidence is needed for effective long COVID screening and management.

Aim: To explore the clinical profile of long COVID and factors associated with its development.

Design: A multicentre correlational study using a cross-sectional design.

Methods: Adults diagnosed with COVID-19 6-9 months earlier were recruited via social media and referrals from three facilities. Participants provided demographic data and assessed their symptoms and functional status using validated questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression.

Results: Among 102 participants, 13%-30% reported significant impairments in cognitive, emotional and physical functioning. Over 10% experienced symptoms such as diarrhoea, sleep problems, dyspnoea, nausea, fatigue and pain. These impairments and symptoms were associated with acute symptom severity, chronic disease, overweight status, regular exercise and living without partners.

Conclusion: This study adds to the literature by examining long-term functional status and symptoms in omicron survivors using comprehensive, validated tools. The findings highlight the prevalence and clinical significance of long COVID symptoms, aiding in the identification of functional impairments requiring medical and nursing interventions.

Implications for the profession and patient care: Nurses should recognise these symptoms and educate survivors about potential challenges. Policies addressing long-term issues, including research, health services and education, are essential.

Reporting method: This study follows the STROBE guideline (Table S1).

Patient or public contribution: Patients self-reported symptoms for this study.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05303103).