Brucellosis and associated risk factors, spatial distribution and cluster analysis: Case study in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

IF 4.7 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102747
Sama Yektay , Rasoul Alimi , Fahimeh Attarian , Hadi Alizadeh Siuki , Mahdi Gholian Aval , Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
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Abstract

Background

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis and its affecting factors in Khorasan Razavi province, an endemic region in north-eastern Iran.

Methods

In this descriptive-analytical study, the data of 15,334 brucellosis cases in Khorasan Razavi province from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) were conducted to assess the demographic factors and spatial modeling of the study population. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for intergroup comparisons. A latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) in R programming language (poLCA) was employed to identify clusters and better understand the factors affecting the disease.

Results

The results indicated that most of the brucellosis cases had been registered from 2020 to 2022 (26.5 %, 21.4 %, and 14.5 % of the total cases). The average incidence rate of brucellosis during the study period was 33.57 cases per 100,000 population. Over 84 % of the cases in clusters 1 and 3 (60.4 % of the whole study population) were males who often lived in rural areas. Only 29.3 % of the patients had a job related to livestock. These findings are consistent with the data on the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and the history of animal vaccination.

Conclusion

Brucellosis cannot be significantly controlled by merely focusing on people working in the livestock industry, highlighting the impact of herd vaccination, and promoting public awareness, especially among housewives and younger people. Meanwhile, proper handling and disposal of infected animals, regular quarantine and inspection of livestock, and sanitization of animal environments have been recommended.
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背景布鲁氏菌病是伊朗常见的人畜共患病。本研究旨在调查伊朗东北部流行地区呼罗珊拉扎维省人类布鲁氏菌病的流行病学特征及其影响因素。方法在这项描述性分析研究中,分析了呼罗珊拉扎维省2016年至2022年的15334例布鲁氏菌病病例数据。通过描述性分析和基于地理信息系统(GIS)的反距离加权法(IDW)来评估研究人群的人口统计因素和空间模型。组间比较采用了卡方检验和费雪精确检验。结果表明,大多数布鲁氏菌病病例发生在 2020 年至 2022 年(分别占总病例的 26.5%、21.4% 和 14.5%)。研究期间,布鲁氏菌病的平均发病率为每 10 万人 33.57 例。第 1 群和第 3 群中超过 84% 的病例(占整个研究人口的 60.4%)为男性,他们通常居住在农村地区。只有 29.3% 的患者从事与畜牧业相关的工作。这些结果与食用未经巴氏消毒的乳制品和动物疫苗接种史的数据相一致。结论仅仅关注畜牧业从业人员、强调畜群疫苗接种的影响、提高公众意识,尤其是提高家庭主妇和年轻人的意识,并不能有效控制布鲁氏菌病。同时,还建议正确处理和处置受感染的动物,对牲畜进行定期检疫和检查,并对动物环境进行消毒。
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来源期刊
Journal of Infection and Public Health
Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
1.50%
发文量
203
审稿时长
96 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.
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