{"title":"Retraction Notice: A Proposed MIMO Antenna Prototype for Frequency Identification","authors":"Amin H. Al Ka’bi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3546793","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Frequency Identification in Cognitive Radio (CR) networks is the key step to find the unused frequencies, so CR networks use less bandwidth and energy. The MIMO antenna system which is proposed for spectrum sensing in CR systems is a small super-wideband (SWB) design, which includes three band-notched diversity antennas. There are four identical semi-elliptical monopole antennas, directed perpendicularly with feed lines gently widened CWG type, which constitute a MIMO antenna. Every SWB characteristic has an antenna that has the cross-slot carved through its bottom just like a radiator. The antenna radiator is composed of two linked slits that replicate the image of the split ring resonator and also have a backward-S shaped slit to ensure that there is no negative impact on SWB. The antenna has a bandwidth ratio of 36:1mm and 0.2-43mm waves. In addition, 18dB of isolation and an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.01 have been implemented in a resonant frequency band for the MIMO antenna that has orthogonally placed antenna elements. On a frequency of 3.5GHz, 5.5GHz, and 8.5GHz, the gain level drops leading to a maximum gain of 4 dBi for the antenna. The proposed antenna has higher bandwidth ratio and hence incorporates easily into an existing RF equipment. In this manner, this SWB, MIMO antenna demonstrates superiority over those mentioned in the literature with a multi-notched band. In the same manner, we obtain three small super-wideband (SWB), which have not been filtered, so, the design and implementation of the antenna is feasible.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 6","pages":"10512-10512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10916580","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Sensors Journal","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10916580/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Frequency Identification in Cognitive Radio (CR) networks is the key step to find the unused frequencies, so CR networks use less bandwidth and energy. The MIMO antenna system which is proposed for spectrum sensing in CR systems is a small super-wideband (SWB) design, which includes three band-notched diversity antennas. There are four identical semi-elliptical monopole antennas, directed perpendicularly with feed lines gently widened CWG type, which constitute a MIMO antenna. Every SWB characteristic has an antenna that has the cross-slot carved through its bottom just like a radiator. The antenna radiator is composed of two linked slits that replicate the image of the split ring resonator and also have a backward-S shaped slit to ensure that there is no negative impact on SWB. The antenna has a bandwidth ratio of 36:1mm and 0.2-43mm waves. In addition, 18dB of isolation and an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.01 have been implemented in a resonant frequency band for the MIMO antenna that has orthogonally placed antenna elements. On a frequency of 3.5GHz, 5.5GHz, and 8.5GHz, the gain level drops leading to a maximum gain of 4 dBi for the antenna. The proposed antenna has higher bandwidth ratio and hence incorporates easily into an existing RF equipment. In this manner, this SWB, MIMO antenna demonstrates superiority over those mentioned in the literature with a multi-notched band. In the same manner, we obtain three small super-wideband (SWB), which have not been filtered, so, the design and implementation of the antenna is feasible.
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