Incident Food Insecurity and Associated Risk Factors After Surgical Trauma

IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 SURGERY Journal of Surgical Research Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2025.02.008
Annabelle Jones MD, MPH , Anam N. Ehsan MBBS , Shivangi Saha MCh , Chuan-Chin Huang DSc, MS , Nivedha Pillai MBBS , Preet Hathi MBBS , Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy MBBS, MD , Keerthana Bhat MBBS , Praveen Ganesh MDS , Shashank Chauhan MS, MCh , Maneesh Singhal MCh , S. Raja Sabapathy MS, MCh, DNB , Seth A. Berkowitz MD, MPH , Kavitha Ranganathan MD
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Abstract

Introduction

Food insecurity, defined as a lack of access to adequate nutrition, impacts approximately 30% of the global population. Despite clear evidence regarding the benefit of proper nutrition on clinical outcomes, the burden of incident food insecurity after surgical intervention in previously food secure patients is unknown. The goal of the study was to quantify incident food insecurity post operatively and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods

A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted among adult surgical trauma patients at tertiary care public and private hospitals in India. The primary outcome was new food insecurity from initial admission for traumatic injury to 6 mo post operatively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between clinical and sociodemographic variables and incident food insecurity.

Results

Of 774 patients enrolled, 20% were food insecure at baseline. During the follow-up period, 21% of patients who were food secure at baseline experienced new food insecurity. Incident food insecurity was associated with longer length of stay (hazard ratio (HR): 3.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-8.74; P = 0.002), intensive care unit admission (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.05-3.31; P = 0.032), receiving welfare support (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98; P = 0.049) and daily wage, rather than salaried, employment (HR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.24-7.06; P = 0.015). Higher total household income was associated with maintaining food security (HR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.44; P < 0.001). Hospitalization-related financial toxicity was significantly associated with incident food insecurity (HR: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.09-4.50; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

High levels of incident food insecurity were observed among surgical trauma patients. This highlights the need for serial food insecurity assessment post discharge. In lieu of serial follow-up, risk factors associated with incident food insecurity can be used to identify high-risk patients prior to discharge to facilitate connection to food insecurity interventions such as food prescription programs, monetary support, and nutritional welfare policies.
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CiteScore
3.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
627
审稿时长
138 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Surgical Research: Clinical and Laboratory Investigation publishes original articles concerned with clinical and laboratory investigations relevant to surgical practice and teaching. The journal emphasizes reports of clinical investigations or fundamental research bearing directly on surgical management that will be of general interest to a broad range of surgeons and surgical researchers. The articles presented need not have been the products of surgeons or of surgical laboratories. The Journal of Surgical Research also features review articles and special articles relating to educational, research, or social issues of interest to the academic surgical community.
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