{"title":"Behavioral and endocrine effects of early-life exposure to etonogestrel in zebrafish","authors":"Amanda Carolina Cole Varela , Lisiane Siqueira , Milena Fortuna , Suelen Mendonça Soares , Natália Freddo , Ísis Piasson Barletto , Maíra Souza Ariotti , Milena Zanoello Bertuol , Gabriéla Witkowski Rutikoski , Cecília Mazutti Andrade , Leonardo José Gil Barcellos","doi":"10.1016/j.taap.2025.117300","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progestin use as a contraceptive has increased exponentially in the last few decades, as has its disposal in the environment. These synthetic hormones can impair the physiology and behavior of non-target organisms, such as fish. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of etonogestrel (ETO, 3.2 ng L<sup>−1</sup>) on the behavior and endocrine system of zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) larvae. We found that ETO caused anxiogenic-like behavior in larvae, as demonstrated by the open-field and light-dark tests. The exposed larvae also presented an increase in whole-body cortisol levels. These changes may lead to an ecological imbalance, emphasizing the risk of early exposure to progestins in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23174,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and applied pharmacology","volume":"498 ","pages":"Article 117300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicology and applied pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041008X25000766","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Progestin use as a contraceptive has increased exponentially in the last few decades, as has its disposal in the environment. These synthetic hormones can impair the physiology and behavior of non-target organisms, such as fish. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of etonogestrel (ETO, 3.2 ng L−1) on the behavior and endocrine system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. We found that ETO caused anxiogenic-like behavior in larvae, as demonstrated by the open-field and light-dark tests. The exposed larvae also presented an increase in whole-body cortisol levels. These changes may lead to an ecological imbalance, emphasizing the risk of early exposure to progestins in the environment.
期刊介绍：
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology publishes original scientific research of relevance to animals or humans pertaining to the action of chemicals, drugs, or chemically-defined natural products.
Regular articles address mechanistic approaches to physiological, pharmacologic, biochemical, cellular, or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic lesions and to methods used to describe these responses. Safety Science articles address outstanding state-of-the-art preclinical and human translational characterization of drug and chemical safety employing cutting-edge science. Highly significant Regulatory Safety Science articles will also be considered in this category. Papers concerned with alternatives to the use of experimental animals are encouraged.
Short articles report on high impact studies of broad interest to readers of TAAP that would benefit from rapid publication. These articles should contain no more than a combined total of four figures and tables. Authors should include in their cover letter the justification for consideration of their manuscript as a short article.
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